Posted on 7 Comments

Xingyiquan With Alex Kozma

Alex Kozma’s Journey into Chinese Martial Arts

Few will forge a journey quite as distinctive as Alex Kozma in the crucible of the martial arts world. With a lifetime dedication that stretches back to his teenage years, Kozma, a practitioner of Xingyiquan and Baguazhang, has taken strides across continents and cultures, leaving indelible footprints in the shifting sands of martial arts knowledge.

Alex Kozma is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Song Family Xingyiquan 宋家形意拳, among other martial arts. Alex’s mastery of Song Family Xingyiquan goes far beyond physical technique – he embodies the philosophy that is woven deeply into its heritage.

He channels his knowledge through his movements and teachings, providing a doorway into the mysterious world of traditional martial arts. His grasp of Xingyiquan’s intricate dance between energy and form brings to life a martial art that is increasingly becoming lost to the annals of history.

Alex Kozma
Read more from our list of martial arts masters interviews.

Song Family Xingyiquan traces its lineage back to Song Shirong, one of the renowned Song brothers, who championed Xingyiquan in the late Qing Dynasty. The style is art and discipline, designed to awaken and cultivate the practitioner’s inner power. It emphasizes both the external movements and the internal energy, creating a holistic practice that nurtures the mind and the body.

In contributing to the martial arts narrative, Kozma has authored several books, each a milestone in his journey. Yet, the path is never-ending, every book, he says, becoming “out of date” as soon as it’s written, a testament to the fluid nature of growth in the martial arts tradition.

Don’t Call Him Master

When asked to introduce himself during the interview, Alex Kozma responded with a humble, down-to-earth perspective that defies the pretentiousness often associated with martial arts experts. Kozma preferred the simple introduction, “Just my name is fine.” This alone captures his modesty, preferring to let his work and passion speak for themselves.

“I practice martial arts. Specifically Xingyi and Bagua, since I was a teenager.” 

Kozma further revealed his humility when he recalled a message from Grandmaster Sam Chin. “When Sifu Sam wrote to me and said, ‘We are interviewing masters,’ I just laughed. Because I’m so far from that, you know.” Despite his deep knowledge and expertise, he refrains from using the title of ‘master,’ positioning himself merely as a diligent practitioner. 

“I teach a few guys because I want to have people to practice with.” His words suggest that he views teaching as a tool for learning, thereby making his engagement with the arts a dynamic, shared experience. 

Kozma mentions his additional pursuit as an author. “And I write books. That’s it. Yeah.” His casual tone underplays the accomplishment yet highlights his desire to contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding his beloved martial arts. 

The world's premier site for Kettlebells, Strength, Conditioning, Flexibility, and Advanced Fitness Resources.

An Ever-Evolving Understanding of Xingyiquan & Baguazhang

When asked about his body of work, Alex Kozma revealed that he has authored “seven or eight books,” yet he views each as inherently “out of date” as soon as they are written. “As soon as they’re written, I realized they’re outdated. My thinking now is very different from five or ten years ago.” 

Kozma mentioned his latest book, “Obvious, Hidden and Transformed Power in Xingyiquan and Baguazhang,” which aims to encapsulate his current understanding of those arts. Yet, he quickly remarked, “It’s already out of date because I wrote it about six months ago.” His remark underscores the dynamic nature of martial arts, where knowledge and understanding are ever-evolving. 

Kozma shared his perspective on the ongoing discovery process involved in practicing martial arts: “You discover things, and you realize how much is lacking. You learn something; you see the ability of somebody you train with, and it pulls you forward, right?” His words highlight a sense of humility and curiosity, a constant pursuit of understanding stimulated by the skills and abilities of others.

For Alex, ultimately, his writing serves as a self-reflective process, capturing his understanding at a particular moment in time. “That’s what the writing is, is explaining where I’m at that moment, basically, to myself, and then putting it down in a book.”

Alex & Tai Chi

During the conversation, I asked Alex about his Tai Chi background. Responding to this, Kozma clarified that while he does have some Tai Chi Chuan training, his primary focus remains Xingyi and Bagua.

“Yeah, the Tai Chi Chuan is very limited.” 

He then spoke about his time in Taiwan with a master named Chen Yuensan, who he described as an “exceptionally good fighter.” He was a teacher to the bodyguards of the President.

While Kozma was part of the Tai Chi Chuan morning classes, his primary interest lay in Xingyiquan, Buddhist cultivation, traditional medicine, and Bagua. “I mainly did Tai Chi Chuan with him because I was in the class in the mornings in the early morning.”

a photo of Alex Kozma doing tai chi
Alex Kozma & with Master Chen Yuensan in Taiwan, 1990s

Kozma recalled how he had initially resisted learning Tai Chi Chuan, as he was more inclined towards Xingyi and Bagua. “I kept telling him; I want to do Xingyi and Bagua with you… And he said, ‘Just do the Tai Chi Chuan as well because later you’ll understand how valuable it is.”

In recent years, now in his 50s, Kozma began to truly value the lessons in Tai Chi, practicing it more due to requests from others. “I’ve only started practicing it more because people asked me to learn it.”

Speaking about the specific movements and differentiating between his training under Master Chen Yuensan and the typical Yang or Wu style often seen in the West, he emphasized how the Tai Chi Chuan he learned, emphasizing the bing striking action, differs significantly from most Tai Chi Chuan he’s seen practiced. 

Despite the unique knowledge he has gained from his Tai Chi Chuan training, Kozma made it clear that he does not focus heavily on this martial art: “I don’t do Tai Chi Chuan very much at all.” Instead, he concentrates on Xingyi and Bagua, the arts he first fell in love with. “But mainly Xingy and Bagua. Yeah.” 

Out of Africa

Discussing his background, Alex shares his extraordinary martial arts journey that spanned across continents, cultures, and styles—his time in Asia, specifically Taiwan, stood out prominently. 

Living with the martial arts master Chen Yuensan for about six years in Taiwan, Kozma experienced a culture that held a deep respect for traditional practices. “I lived with Master Chen from 1996 to 2002 on and off… I was in Asia altogether, just over nine years,” he revealed.

Delving into the nuances of this experience, Kozma disclosed the challenging aspects of living with a teacher. “Living with a teacher can sound romantic, but it can be tough, really difficult. But it was great; fantastic experience,” he said.

His martial arts journey, however, began from darker roots. Kozma spent the early part of his life in Africa. Kozma’s family was involved in politics, and they had to suddenly flee back to Britain due to a war. The family’s life was turned upside down, and Kozma found himself in a rough neighborhood, which led to him being severely bullied. This adversity pushed him towards martial arts as a refuge. “I got badly bullied from 12 to about 15-16. My mum put me in a karate school,” Kozma recalled.

His passion for martial arts intensified as he discovered David Carradine’s Kung Fu series and felt an irresistible pull toward Chinese martial art. This led to his first significant trip to Hong Kong when he was just 16, setting him on a path that would define his life. “I knew from a young age, this is it, this is what I want to do,” Kozma confessed.

In his years in Asia, Kozma encountered various martial arts masters, broadening his understanding of the field. One of the most impactful moments was his encounter with a Xingyiquan master, who taught him about ‘neigong’ or internal power, marking a significant turning point in his journey.

Returning to England periodically, Kozma would share his knowledge by teaching martial arts, primarily Bagua and Xingyi, which helped finance his continued travels and training in Asia. “I came back for about two months, every six months, and taught in England… mainly Bagua. Xingyi,” he said.

Exploring Neigong: Unlocking Internal Power in Martial Arts

Our conversation dips into the murky waters of nèigōng (內功) – the ancient Chinese mind-body practice involving movement, breathing, and visualization for the purposes. 

In Chinese martial arts, “internal power” is cultivated through the practice of neigong, which emphasizes the cultivation and use of “qì” (氣) and “jìn” (勁) rather than “lì” (力), or brute force.

Although it’s a contentious subject, roughly speaking, “qi,” or “chi,” represents the life force or the intrinsic energy that animates us – it’s as intimate to our being as breath and, indeed, is closely associated with it.

an artists rendition of Xingyiquan founder Song Shirong.

This concept is mirrored in the Latin “anima,” meaning “breath,” “air,” or “soul.” Qì gives us vitality and breathes life into the physical form.

The ongoing practice of cultivating and directing qi within the body is the goal of neigong. Breath becomes more than the mere exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; the rhythm stokes the internal fire of qi. The essence of these practices revolves around the synchronization of breath, attention, and movement, orchestrating a harmony that intensifies this life force and helps guide it throughout the body.

The term “qì” is composed of two distinct Chinese characters:

  1. The top character is “qì” (气), a simplified Chinese steam or gas character visually representing the rising vapors. It’s frequently used in Chinese to describe air or gas-like substances.
  2. The bottom character is “mǐ” (米), which translates to rice in English. Rice holds significant cultural importance in Chinese society as a staple food, and its presence here suggests the nourishing and life-sustaining aspects of qì.

In a combined form as “氣,” these two characters symbolize the transformative process: The ‘steam’ rising from ‘cooked rice.’ It describes the vital substance or life force that forms part of everything in existence, akin to breath, air, or energy in English. The visual metaphor of steam rising from cooked rice encapsulates the concept of qì as nourishing, life-giving power, transformed from basic sustenance and dispersed into the atmosphere, much like the body transforms food into energy.

“Jìn” refers to a refined, inherently more potent force produced through proper body alignment and the focused intention of “yì” (意), along with the flow of “qì.”

The wisdom of the Old Masters taught “yì dào, qì dào, lì dào” (意到,氣到,力到), which roughly translates to “where the mind goes, the qi follows, and then the power follows.” However, it’s essential to understand that the “power” mentioned here isn’t raw physical strength (lì) but a refined force (jìn) derived from the harmonious interplay of the mind, breath, and body.

“Aiki” (合気) in Japanese martial arts refers to a form of internal power similar to the Chinese concept. Comprising “ai” (harmony) and “ki” (the Japanese pronunciation of “qi”). It’s about aligning energies for control and redirection with minimal effort.

This underlines the essence of “internal power” as a journey that transcends physical strength to a more intricate coordination of the mind, energy, and body. Mastery of this aspect of martial arts encompasses a lifelong journey of exploration and practice, integrating physical discipline with profound concentration and, ultimately, wisdom. It’s a testament to the depth and complexity of Chinese martial arts philosophy.

Returning to his time with Master Chen, Alex said, “If you ask him a question, you’d get hit or thrown or swept, but not much detail.” He described Master Chen as a brilliant yet mysterious martial arts teacher who shrouded his teachings in obscurity.

save 10% on light therapy with code FLKF
Improve sleep with Block Blue & light therapy products.
Use code FLKF to save 10%.

Then Kozma recounts how meeting a Xingyiquan teacher in a park illuminated his understanding. The teacher had him work with a heavy spear on lan 攔, na 拿, quan 圈, zha 紮, the basic Xingyiquan spear techniques, and drilled him in detailed exercises that scrutinized every movement of the body, every joint, and their inter-connection. “What do your hip joints do? What do your shoulder joints do? What does your spine do?” he muses, illustrating the precision that reshaped his martial arts perception.

But it was not just about understanding; it was about doing. “Are you willing to put the hours in?” Kozma challenges, drawing attention to the essence of martial arts. It’s about the breakthroughs after periods of feeling like you don’t understand anything – finding hidden connections after months of practice. It’s about piecing together this intricate puzzle over time.

As our conversation evolves, Kozma finds a way to simplify the intricate complexity of martial arts. “You go from all of this complexity that I had 20 years ago, and now it’s all that’s gone. It’s extremely simple. It’s just one thing,” he says, emphasizing that this ‘one thing’ is so simple it’s beyond explanation.

His words echo my own experiences. It feels familiar, like a mirror reflecting my own martial arts journey. “In the beginning, it was very technical… but then at the end, you realize, oh, it’s all just one thing,” I find myself saying, resonating with Kozma’s narrative.

Kozma drops another piece of wisdom, a sentiment that every martial artist grapples with. “The less we do, the better… we only need one or two things, but those should be good.”

All Paths Lead To The Mountain Top

Amid our discussion, I found myself stepping back, tracing the path of our conversation back to karate, an entry point for so many into martial arts.

I asked Alex if he knew of anyone teaching karate, with roots in Fujian White Crane, with the same insights we discuss as “internal power.”

It was a musing aimed at discovering new masters of these disappearing arts. 

Alex shifted the discussion to Tetsuzan Kuroda, a revered kenjutsu master, and the profound depth he’d observed in Kuroda’s art.

A young Alex Kozma & his acupuncture teacher Eiichi Tanaka

I found myself nodding, remembering glimpses of the same depth in various practitioners from different arts. Alex’s point echoed loud and clear: “It doesn’t matter about Japanese, Indonesian Chinese, it really doesn’t matter. It matters how real the practices you had. That’s not limited to Chinese systems.”

I found myself bringing up what Grandmaster Sam Chin often says: “it doesn’t matter what kind of punch you throw; it’s still just you who punches.” The realization strikes: it doesn’t matter what art you’re practicing; if you engage with it long enough, you uncover universal principles. “We’re sort of all under the same blanket set of rules that are determined by physics and the environment,” I found myself musing.

As Alex built upon this, I couldn’t help but agree with his simple yet profound assertion: “We all have a center…four limbs, which is the same. So how many different ways can there be?” The distinction he drew between arts that damage your body and those that keep it healthy was one I hadn’t thought of before. It was a reminder of the importance of respecting the body in our pursuit of mastery. 

In this dance of words and ideas, the realization struck us both hard and true: art is not what defines us. It’s merely the vehicle, the means to an end. The journey is personal; our lives unfold in every movement, punch, and stance. Our lineage is respected, even revered, but as Alex so eloquently put it, “We are something vast, unlimited.”

As the conversation shifted, I returned to a guiding principle my sifu often shared: “Don’t train the system; use the system to train yourself.” We use these systems to challenge and develop ourselves, becoming more than we thought possible and discovering depths within ourselves we never knew existed.

Neigong Sijing – The Four Classics of Inner Power

The flow of our conversation returned to the subject of neigong when I raised the matter of Alex’s published works. Despite his modest admission that they might be “out of date” by the time of publishing, I found myself reflecting on the enduring value of such records. “Each of them…would still have some value as a snapshot of your understanding then. Right,” I said, finding an unexpected parallel with my own martial arts career.

I recounted my first on-the-road workshop in New Mexico and how the initial wave of nervousness had dissipated the moment I touched hands with the participants. It was a profound realization that even though I wasn’t where I wanted to be, I was far enough along to offer guidance. It occurred to me then that Alex’s books served a similar purpose — they showed a snapshot of his understanding at a given moment and provided a stepping stone for others who might be at a similar point on their path.

Eager to explore this literary avenue, I urged Alex to discuss his books. He introduced a small but valuable volume titled “Neigong for Martial Power: Cultivation and Fighting Strategy of Song Family Xingyiquan.” It was a tome from his years of studying the Song family tradition. It was an interpretation of the ancient martial arts scrolls used as guides by many Northern Chinese martial art schools.

“So Song family Xingyiquan is based on this set of scrolls called the Nèigōngsìjīng 內功四經, four classics of inner power, for inner cultivation.” 

Opening the book, Alex reads aloud, “Real knowledge of neigong requires a thorough understanding of the vessels and channels. You must understand this first, or else you will do yourself harm. It would be like practicing archery without a bow, the Rèn Mài 任脈 (conception channel) in the front and the Dū Mài 督脈 (Governor channel) in the back have a continuous flow of qi running through them. Okay, that’s the opening. A couple of sentences.

So this is a book that many of the great Xingyi Bagua fighters follow; you think, Wow, that’s a very unusual opening for a fighting manual, right? Talking about the channels in the body. But it kind of gives you the… like, in your system, the yin and yang meridian channels that yin and yang system isn’t it is fundamental to doing the practice correctly. If you don’t have that, you’re not doing Zhongxindao or I Liq Chuan. Because you have the Rèn Mài/Dū Mài channel, the yin-yang channels, and you have the center. That is the essence. So this whole book really then goes on and talks about lots of different detail of neigong and fighting strategy and stuff. But that is the very opening, and in the opening is the most important.”

Hindsight’s Wisdom: Lessons Learned and Advice for Martial Artists

Nearing the end of our conversation, I posed a question with a knack for drawing out the most intriguing answers: “What do you wish that you knew then that you know now?” As Alex paused, I couldn’t help but consider my own response to this question.

With hindsight’s clarity, Alex expressed a wish to have focused more on what he now deems essential, a sentiment that resonates with all of us who’ve ever looked back on our past selves. He didn’t delve into specifics but implied that this hindsight applies to people, events, and places alike. “But you cannot do that when you’re going forward,” he reasoned. “You can only see it looking back.”

I pointed out that my intent behind the question was to mine for a “pearl of wisdom” for the next generation. And indeed, Alex provided a gem that took me back to my beginnings. “Really take time to find a teacher, even if it’s years… And when you find the person you really, really, really trust and connect with. Never leave them.” He emphasized that popularity or eloquence didn’t guarantee a good teacher; trust and connection were vital.

Reflecting on his words, the wisdom of his advice hit home – the right teacher isn’t about fame or finesse but about connection and trust. And when you find that person, don’t let go. This, to me, was not just a lesson in martial arts but a life lesson.

I dug for a book recommendation on the tail end of our exchange. “Besides your own, what book have you gifted most often?” I invited Alex to share something that might further enlighten our fellow martial artists or anyone on a personal journey.

With a glance toward a nearby bookshelf, he grabbed a tome titled “Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy.” As he held up the book, I couldn’t help but feel intrigued. I was familiar with the series, but this specific volume had yet to find its way onto my radar before now. 

“Before I didn’t understand, really, how amazingly accomplished the disciples were, but this is brilliant. Yeah, I recommend this to everybody,” Alex enthusiastically endorsed, his eyes dancing with the excitement that a good book often sparks.

Reflecting on this suggestion, I was reminded once again of the depth of our art and its intersection with broader philosophical and spiritual teachings. Alex’s recommendation wasn’t just about martial arts. Still, it offers wisdom for anyone committed to personal growth and discovery. It left me eager to explore this book myself, to seek what enlightenment it might hold for me as a martial artist and a human being.

Conclusion

Encapsulating a journey as varied and rich as Alex Kozma’s can seem overwhelming, but when you break it down, the essence of his life’s work emerges. Kozma’s dedication, as solid as the martial arts forms he practices, is both humble and profound at once.

Much like myself, Kozma teaches martial arts not for self-aggrandizement but to share in the mutual growth that the art offers. His teachings are from the essence of his journey, spanning continents and cultures, and the rich wisdom accumulated from experiences like living with the renowned martial arts master Chen Yuensan in Taiwan.

His exploration embodies his commitment to discipline and the unending pursuit of understanding. It speaks to the passion that pushes him through periods of confusion and uncertainty to reach the other side, where knowledge shines brighter.

As our conversation winds down, the essence of Kozma’s wisdom remains – martial arts is a dynamic journey, not a destination. It’s a continuous process of learning, evolving, and growing. As Kozma would tell you, “Never stop practicing, never stop learning.” His journey stands testament to this timeless wisdom, an inspiration to those stepping onto the mat for the first time and those of us continuing our own martial arts journey.

Support Alex’s Work

For those captivated by Alex Kozma’s profound wisdom and intrigued by his approach to martial arts, you’re in luck. Alex runs a website, lineofintent.com, which he began two decades ago initially as a platform to publish books. In addition to his publications, you’ll also find 12-week video and audio courses offering teachings in Neigong, Buddhist practice, Xingyi, Bagua, and more. You can also connect with Alex via email at lineofintent[AT]gmail.com and visit his YouTube channel. It’s an invitation open to all; whether you’re a curious novice or a seasoned martial artist, you’re sure to find something valuable in Alex’s “digital dojo.”

Join us and unlock the secrets of the Old Masters!

Read More!

About the Author

I Liq Chuan Instructor Ashe Higgs

Ashe Higgs, I Liq Chuan Master Instructor & L2 Nutrition Coach

Ashe is a highly skilled martial arts instructor and certified nutrition coach with over two decades of experience in the field. He holds a Master Instructor certification in I Liq Chuan under Sam FS Chin, making him one of only several individuals worldwide to hold the title. He has taught classes and workshops worldwide and is passionate about helping others achieve their fitness and wellness goals.

With a background in full-contact fighting and a Level 2 certification from Precision Nutrition in nutrition coaching, Ashe is a well-rounded expert in the fields of martial arts. In addition to his expertise, he has a wealth of experience in teaching and mentoring others. He has a natural ability to connect with his students and inspire them to reach their full potential.

Read more about Ashe here…

Disclaimers & Conflicts of Interest

I am not a doctor, and the information provided should not be considered medical advice. The information provided is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, exercise routine, or lifestyle.

Please note that some of the links provided in this content may be affiliate links, meaning that I may receive a small commission if you purchase through them. However, please rest assured that any products or services recommended are based on my personal experience and belief in their value. I only recommend products or services that I have personally used and believe in.

Posted on

Is Kung Fu Mandatory In China?

Mandatory Kung Fu in China: Fact or Fiction?

While it’s true that Kung Fu is an integral part of Chinese culture, it is not mandatory in China. In fact, the younger generations are often more drawn toward modern sports and activities. Moreover, as China becomes increasingly globalized and connected with the rest of the world, interests and hobbies have diversified, reflecting a broader range of influences. 

Historically, Kung Fu has had deep roots in Chinese society, being both a form of self-defense and a method of building physical health and cultivating discipline, concentration and wisdom.

A Kung Fu master demonstrates
Interest in Kung Fu is declining in modern China.

However, in contemporary China, martial arts such as Kung Fu are less commonly practiced than they once were. While some individuals, particularly those living in rural or less developed areas, might still engage in these traditional activities, many in urban centers prefer modern sports or exercise regimens.

In addition, China’s education system does not require learning Kung Fu or other traditional martial arts. Instead, the focus is primarily on core academic subjects such as math, Chinese, and English. Physical education classes involve sports like basketball, soccer, or track and field but rarely include Kung Fu.

Furthermore, with the rise of smartphones, eSports, and online games, Chinese youth have another outlet for competition and skill-building, which aligns more with the digital era. This shift reflects changing tastes and trends among younger generations in China, similar to patterns in many other countries worldwide.

However, there are efforts to revitalize interest in traditional martial arts. Many Kung Fu schools and institutes in China are dedicated to promoting and preserving these practices, often offering classes for interested learners. These establishments aim to pass traditional Chinese culture and values to the next generation.

While Kung Fu is an important cultural symbol and a significant part of China’s cultural heritage, it is not mandatory for Chinese citizens to learn or practice it. Instead, it remains an optional pursuit for those interested in traditional martial arts.

Mandatory Kung Fu In China; A Stereotype

The idea that Kung Fu is widely practiced in China is a stereotype perpetuated by popular media, particularly Hollywood movies. While Kung Fu is a vital part of Chinese cultural heritage, its practice is less widespread in China than many people outside the country might assume.

For the average Chinese person, Kung Fu is often seen as a performance art rather than a practical skill or a commonly practiced sport. Other sports like basketball, soccer, badminton, and table tennis are more popular in China. The rise of technology and eSports has also shifted the interests of the younger generations toward video games and digital competitions.

Moreover, many Chinese people consider Kung Fu more relevant to older generations. With rapid modernization and urbanization, younger Chinese citizens may view traditional martial arts as outdated, especially those living in cities. Instead, they are more likely to engage in modern exercise like running, swimming, or going to the gym.

The commercial success of Kung Fu movies and the global fame of stars like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan has contributed to a romanticized image of Kung Fu in the eyes of the international community. However, the reality in China is different. While some people still practice Kung Fu and other traditional martial arts, and while these arts are respected as essential aspects of cultural heritage, they are not as central to most people’s daily lives as outsiders might believe.

This is not to say that Kung Fu is disappearing in China. On the contrary, numerous schools and institutions still teach Kung Fu, as well as government initiatives aimed at preserving and promoting this traditional art. However, it’s essential to understand that its role and prevalence in contemporary Chinese society are more nuanced than often portrayed in the media.

Kung Fu Schools In China

Many martial arts schools in China cater to ex-pats and tourists, offering classes in Kung Fu and other traditional martial arts. Some of these are quite commercialized and may prioritize the ‘experience’ of learning Kung Fu, often in a condensed time frame, over the detailed, years-long process of mastery that characterizes authentic Kung Fu training. 

Finding a school that provides authentic and traditional Kung Fu training can be challenging, particularly for those who aren’t native to China or unfamiliar with the martial arts community. However, there are legitimate and traditional Kung Fu teachers that exist – they’re just a bit harder to find and may require more dedication and commitment to study with.

Authentic Kung Fu training generally requires a significant time investment, consistent practice, and in-depth study under the tutelage of a qualified master. Traditional teachers often emphasize the philosophical and cultural aspects of Kung Fu, not just the physical techniques. 

Kung Fu In China Today

In recent years, interest in Kung Fu among Chinese youth has declined, while interest among foreigners has increased. Kung Fu tourism is a significant industry in China, attracting domestic and international tourists interested in Chinese martial arts. There are several factors contributing to this:

  1. Historical and Cultural Significance: Kung Fu is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture and history. Many tourists are attracted by the opportunity to learn about this cultural heritage by visiting historical sites or participating in Kung Fu classes or demonstrations.
  2. Famous Locations: Some locations in China are particularly associated with Kung Fu. The most famous is the Shaolin Temple in Henan province, which is considered the birthplace of Shaolin Kung Fu. Another well-known location is the Wudang Mountains in Hubei province, the birthplace of Wudang Kung Fu. These sites attract tourists annually who visit the historical sites and perhaps participate in a Kung Fu course.
  3. Media Influence: Kung Fu has been popularized worldwide through movies, TV shows, and other media, much of which originates from or is set in China. Fans of these media often wish to visit where their favorite films or shows were set or where the styles of Kung Fu they depict originated.
  4. Kung Fu Schools and Retreats: Many schools and retreats throughout China offer intensive Kung Fu training for varying lengths of time. These cater to various skill levels, from beginners to experienced martial artists. Some people attend these schools for the physical and mental benefits of Kung Fu training. In contrast, others are interested in martial arts philosophical and spiritual aspects.
  5. Events and Festivals: There are also numerous martial arts festivals and competitions in China, which draw participants and spectators worldwide.

In recent years, Kung Fu tourism has become a significant industry in China, contributing to local economies and encouraging the preservation and promotion of traditional Chinese martial arts. As a result, the Chinese government and private businesses have invested in infrastructure, marketing, and other efforts to support and capitalize on the popularity of Kung Fu tourism.

The Rise (& Fall) of San Da In China

San Da (Free Fighting) 散打, also known as San Shou (Free Hand) 散手, has roots in traditional Chinese martial arts and was developed as a sport.

Sanda is a full-contact sport that allows a wide range of techniques, including punches, kicks, throws, and sweeps, while prohibiting ground fighting. It was devised to take the intricate forms of traditional Kung Fu and apply them in a practical, competitive setting. I fought in Sanda competitions from 2006-2009 (or thereabouts).

Its development was led mainly by the Chinese Wushu Association, which sought to modernize Chinese martial arts and make them more accessible and competitive in a sporting context. The goal was not just to preserve the cultural heritage of Chinese martial arts but also to create a competitive sport that could test the effectiveness of various Kung Fu styles.

In that sense, Sanda can be seen as a bridge between traditional Kung Fu and modern combat sports. As a result, it has become popular not only in China but also globally. It is recognized for its practicality, athleticism, and spectacle.

Over recent years, the popularity of kickboxing with K1 rules, also known as Chinese kickboxing, has been increasing in China, particularly within the realm of professional combat sports. A significant factor in this shift is the success of promotions such as Kunlun Fight and Glory of Heroes, which have brought high-level kickboxing events and international competitors to the Chinese audience.

K1 is a kickboxing format that originated in Japan and gained global popularity due to its blend of techniques from various stand-up combat sports such as Muay Thai, Karate, and Boxing. The K1 rules emphasize continuous action and exciting fights, contributing to its growing appeal among fans and practitioners.

Consequently, more Chinese fighters have been drawn to K1 rules kickboxing, seeking to compete at a high level domestically and internationally. A relative decline in the popularity of Sanda has accompanied this shift. However, it’s worth noting that many Sanda practitioners have transitioned successfully to K1 rules kickboxing, given the similarity in the range of techniques allowed.

The Cultural Revolution’s Effect on Kung Fu

The end of the Qing Dynasty and the onset of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) rule ushered in a turbulent era for China’s cultural heritage, including the practice of traditional Kung Fu. The period, which encompassed the Cultural Revolution, marked a direct assault on the ‘Four Olds 四舊’ — Old Ideas, Old Culture, Old Customs, and Old Habits (Chinese: Jiù Sīxiǎng 旧思想, Jiù Wénhuà 旧文化, Jiù Fēngsú 旧风俗, and Jiù Xíguàn 旧习惯) — in an attempt to reshape Chinese society. Many traditional practices, including Kung Fu, were stigmatized and suppressed as part of this initiative.

During the Cultural Revolution, traditional practices, including martial arts, were targeted as “feudal” or “bourgeois” and were often suppressed. As a result, schools were closed, and many martial arts masters were persecuted, forced into hiding, or killed. In addition, the traditional master-disciple relationship was seen as a potential threat to the authority of the Communist Party and the state, as it could foster dissent and nonconformity.

The intense political and social upheaval broke many traditional martial arts lineages during this period. As a result, much knowledge and many practices were lost. Numerous Kung Fu masters, fearing persecution, fled mainland China, seeking refuge in regions such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia. My Sifu’s (Grandmaster Sam FS Chin, the founder of Zhong Xin Dao I Liq Chuan) family emigrated to Malaysia during this time.

Some even migrated further afield to America. In these new lands, they kept the rich legacy of traditional Kung Fu alive by continuing to practice and teach their art. As a result, Chinese martial arts began to gain global recognition, with Kung Fu schools appearing worldwide, profoundly influencing the development and perception of martial arts internationally.

After the end of the Cultural Revolution and the beginning of the reform and opening-up period in the late 1970s, there was a resurgence of interest in traditional Chinese culture, including martial arts. However, the martial arts scene had changed significantly, with a greater emphasis on performance and competition, often under the umbrella of Wushu, rather than the traditional fighting and self-defense aspects of Kung Fu.

Wushu 

The Chinese Wushu Federation was established to promote and regulate Wushu, a modernized form of Kung Fu. The term “Wushu” is often used to denote this modern, sportive form of Chinese martial arts, distinguishing it from traditional martial arts.

After the Cultural Revolution, there was an effort to preserve, systematize, and modernize Chinese martial arts. This led to the establishment of the Chinese Wushu Association in 1958, which later became the Chinese Wushu Federation. The organization set out to standardize a curriculum for a broad, representative set of martial arts practices, which became known as Wushu.

Differences Between Kung Fu & Wushu

Unlike traditional Kung Fu, which emphasizes practical fighting skills and self-defense, modern Wushu focuses more on choreographed routines, aesthetic appeal, and athletic performance. It’s characterized by its fast, high jumps, spins, and kicks and is often performed with traditional Chinese weapons.

Wushu is taught in many sports universities in China and is even a popular extracurricular activity in many elementary and secondary schools. Wushu competitors are judged on their mastery of form, timing, and technique in both barehanded and weapon routines.

While establishing Wushu as a sport did much to popularize Chinese martial arts, both within and outside of China, it has also drawn criticism from some who feel that the emphasis on performance and aesthetics detracts from the martial efficacy and depth of traditional Kung Fu. 

Regardless, Wushu has played a significant role in shaping the contemporary martial arts landscape in China and worldwide, and it continues to be a popular and widely-practiced sport.

The Rise of Modern Combat Sports In China

MMA, BJJ, and Boxing have seen a surge in popularity in China in recent years.

  1. The Chinese government’s keen interest in promoting Olympic sports and their aspiration to be globally dominant in athletics has notably popularized Taekwondo in China. As an Olympic sport, Taekwondo aligns with the country’s ambitions and offers a platform for demonstrating its athletic prowess. The government has actively supported and invested in Taekwondo training facilities, coaching, and athlete development. These efforts have been tremendously fruitful, as Chinese athletes have consistently performed well in Taekwondo at the Olympics, bringing home numerous medals. The success of Chinese athletes has fostered a growing interest and admiration for the sport among the general public, resulting in an uptick in participation at both the amateur and professional levels.
  2. Mixed Martial Arts (MMA): MMA is a combat sport that allows a wide range of fighting techniques from various martial arts. The sport has grown significantly in global popularity over the past few decades, and this trend has extended to China. High-profile promotions such as the UFC and ONE Championship have hosted events in China, and the success of Chinese fighters like Zhang Weili, who became the first Chinese UFC champion, has spurred interest in the sport. In addition, numerous MMA gyms have sprung up in major Chinese cities, offering training in martial arts that contribute to MMA, such as boxing, wrestling, Muay Thai, and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
  3. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ): BJJ, a martial art that focuses on grappling and ground fighting, has also seen a surge in popularity in China. Part of this can be attributed to the rise of MMA, as BJJ is one of the vital martial arts used in MMA. In addition, BJJ’s strategic, chess-like nature, combined with its effectiveness in real-world self-defense situations, has attracted many practitioners. As with MMA, numerous BJJ gyms have been established in Chinese cities.
  4. Boxing: Boxing has been popular in China for some time, and its status as an Olympic sport certainly contributes to its appeal. The Chinese government emphasizes success in the Olympics, which has led to substantial investment in training and infrastructure for Olympic sports like boxing. The success of Chinese boxers, such as Zou Shiming, a multiple-time Olympic gold medalist, has also helped to popularize the sport.

These trends reflect a broader global shift toward interest in combat sports, which offer a mix of physical fitness, self-defense skills, and competition. The growth of these sports in China is likely to continue, driven by increased global exposure, the success of Chinese athletes, and a growing middle class with disposable income for fitness and recreational activities.

Conclusion: Kung Fu Is Not A Required Practice in China

In conclusion, it’s essential to understand that Kung Fu, despite being an integral part of Chinese cultural heritage, is not mandatory in China. The country’s diversifying interests, particularly among the younger generations, reflect a more global influence, showcasing a preference for modern sports and activities over traditional practices like Kung Fu.

Historically, Kung Fu has played a significant role in Chinese society, serving as a means of self-defense and cultivating physical health and moral character. However, this martial art is less commonly practiced in today’s China, especially in urban centers where modern sports and exercise regimens are more popular. 

Moreover, Kung Fu is not a part of the compulsory curriculum within China’s education system, which emphasizes core academic subjects over traditional martial arts. Furthermore, as the digital era continues to evolve, Chinese youth have shown increased interest in eSports and online games, signaling a shift in their preferences.

That being said, efforts to rejuvenate interest in Kung Fu and other traditional martial arts are noticeable. Various Kung Fu schools and institutes are dedicated to promoting and preserving these practices, often offering classes to those interested in learning more about this aspect of Chinese culture. 

Thus, while Kung Fu remains a symbol of cultural significance in China and a rich part of its heritage, it is not mandatory for the Chinese. Instead, it is an optional pursuit for those captivated by traditional martial arts, ensuring that this age-old practice remains relevant in a rapidly modernizing world.

Join us and unlock the secrets of the Old Masters!

Read More!

About the Author

I Liq Chuan Instructor Ashe Higgs

Ashe Higgs, I Liq Chuan Master Instructor & L2 Nutrition Coach

Ashe is a highly skilled martial arts instructor and certified nutrition coach with over two decades of experience in the field. He holds a Master Instructor certification in I Liq Chuan under Sam FS Chin, making him one of only several individuals worldwide to hold the title. He has taught classes and workshops worldwide and is passionate about helping others achieve their fitness and wellness goals.

With a background in full-contact fighting and a Level 2 certification from Precision Nutrition in nutrition coaching, Ashe is a well-rounded expert in the fields of martial arts. In addition to his expertise, he has a wealth of experience in teaching and mentoring others. He has a natural ability to connect with his students and inspire them to reach their full potential.

Read more about Ashe here…

Disclaimers & Conflicts of Interest

I am not a doctor, and the information provided should not be considered medical advice. The information provided is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, exercise routine, or lifestyle.

Please note that some of the links provided in this content may be affiliate links, meaning that I may receive a small commission if you purchase through them. However, please rest assured that any products or services recommended are based on my personal experience and belief in their value. I only recommend products or services that I have personally used and believe in.

Posted on

Preserving the Art of Hop Gar Kung Fu

An Interview with Chris Heintzman

In a world where modern combat sports like MMA and boxing dominate the martial arts scene, there is still a deep appreciation for traditional forms. Enter Chris Heintzman, a practitioner, and teacher of Tibetan Hop Gar Kung Fu, a combat-oriented Chinese martial art. With an extensive background in full-contact competition and a passion for preserving old-school kung fu, Chris offers a unique perspective on the value of traditional martial arts in developing bodily control, confidence, and awareness. In this interview, we delve into the philosophy behind Tibetan Hop Gar, the importance of pressure testing techniques, and the relevance of traditional martial arts in self-defense and modern combat sports.

Tibetan White Crane 西藏白鶴拳, also known as Bak Hok Pai 白鶴派, is a Chinese martial art rooted in 15th-century Tibetan culture and deeply embedded in southern China. It gained widespread acceptance as a local martial art in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, eventually spreading worldwide.

Lama Pai 喇嘛派 and Hop Gar Kuen 俠家拳 are closely related branches of the same lineage, originating from the founder’s Lion’s Roar 獅子吼 style. It is important to note that Tibetan White Crane is distinct from Fujian White Crane, which evolved independently within the Southern Shaolin Five Animals tradition.

Tibetan Lama Kung Fu master
Ah Dat To was a Tibetan Lama, the Old Master credited with founding Tibetan White Crane, or Lama Pai.

Chris’s Personal Background & History

Ashe: Chris, can you introduce us to your background and history?

Chris: I started with Grandmaster David Chin of the Tibetan Hop Gar system in Fayetteville in 1994. Previously I had practiced several different martial arts and was looking for a place to train to push my edges. I met Master Chin at his restaurant, the Golden Dragon, and we started training. I took a hiatus for about a year in 1996 to go to massage therapy school and digest the information he taught me. When I came back, we had a very different conversation. We traveled, competed, and learned together, meeting masters like yourself and your teacher. I’m trying to pass on those teachings as best as possible.

Ashe: Sifu Chris is the real deal, with an extensive background in full-contact competition.

Chris: I’ve done several Iron Tiger challenges and San Da competitions. San Da is much bigger in Europe, and I want to help it grow in the States. It’s a good blend for the MMA world and has a great competition set of rules. I was fortunate enough to train hard, have good matches, and learn a lot along the way.

Ashe: I haven’t met many people who I immediately know can fight, but you’re one of them.

Tibetan Hop Gar Grandmaster David Chin & Chris Heintzman
Chris pictured with the late Grandmaster David Chin

Grandmaster David Chin

Ashe: Can you talk more about your late Sifu Grandmaster David Chin? He’s a significant part of Kung Fu history in the United States, like being there for the Wong Jack Man vs. Bruce Lee fight.

Chris: Yeah, Sifu Chin delivered the challenge letter to Bruce Lee and was going to fight. Mar Sik wanted to fight, but Grandmaster Chin decided to do it instead. Wong Jack Man was opening a school, so the community thought it would be good press for him to fight. Sifu Chin was the referee for the fight in a clothing store or something. Don’t believe the movies; They’re lies! 

Ashe: yeah, the story of the fight has grown over time, but it’s still a significant moment in the history of Chinese martial arts in the United States. It’s worth talking about, and it’s fascinating to have a direct connection to the history of Chinese martial arts in the US through you and Grandmaster Chin.

The Philosophy of Tibetan Hop Gar Kung Fu

Ashe: Can you tell me about the overall philosophy, concepts, and principles behind Tibetan Hop Gar?

Chris: Tibetan White Crane, or Hop Gar, started in Tibet and became popular in Southern China. It was passed down through the 10 Tigers of Canton, which included famous martial artists like Wong Kei-Ying 黄麒英 and Wong Fei Hung 黃飛鴻.

My Sigong, Ng Yim Ming, learned directly from Wong Yan-lam 王隱林 and eventually came to San Francisco in the 1970s. My Sifu, David Chin, had learned some Hop Gar from his father and studied other martial arts before returning to Hop Gar when Sifu Ng arrived.

Sifu Chin always had a question about why his favorite techniques didn’t necessarily end fights. When he started practicing with Sifu Ng again, he learned a very different emphasis on power and striking. He said Hop Gar was like a back pocket knife, always available regardless of your other skills.

Tibetan Hop Gar Kung Fu

Ashe: Give us an overview of the training approach and the curriculum of Hop Gar.

Chris: Everybody starts with the primary six patterns. First, you learn basic stances like horse, bow-and-arrow, and hang stance. After understanding stance and basic structure, you move into striking. The six patterns are meant to teach people how to box quickly. They’re short, direct, and designed to be applied rapidly. We also work with patterns extensively, walking the length of a field back and forth to grind them into our muscle memory.

In addition to the patterns, students can go into Iron Body, Iron Palm, or train with Mook Yei Pai 木耳牌(wooden ear plates). The dedication and time put into training determine how far a student progresses. Many people quit early because of the hard work and time required to truly understand the training tools.

Hop Gar Kung Fu Forms

Ashe: How many forms exist in the Tibetan Hop Gar system?

Chris: Our Tibetan Hop Gar has five primary forms and six basic patterns. We focus on finding these movements’ essence rather than learning many forms. We believe practicing a few forms deeply is more effective, like how boxers focus on jabs, crosses, hooks, and uppercuts. There are other forms like mook jong forms, wooden ear plate forms, and some weapon forms, but they serve more for conditioning rather than the main focus of our training. So we prioritize presenting only a few forms; instead, we aim to extract the essence from the ones we practice.

Ashe: Can you give us some idea of what the partner training looks like?

Chris: In partner training, we start with empty hand conditioning, focusing on flow and avoiding getting stuck on the opponent. We practice Iron Bridge techniques, hitting through arms and, eventually, the body. We also use pads and mitts for drills and conditioning, then progress to sparring. During sparring, one person emulates a different fighting style, like kickboxing or Muay Thai, so our students get used to what most people throw, which differs from our techniques.

Ashe: I was discussing Wing Chun with Sifu Alex Richter. One of his criticisms was that modern Wing Chun has become too focused on Wing Chun versus Wing Chun, especially in sticky hand training. He believes the original approach was meant to be effective against other styles, not just Wing Chun. So there’s some overlap between what you’re saying and his thoughts on that.

Mook Yei Pai – The Most Unusual Training Tool of Hop Gar Kung Fu

Ashe: What are some of the most common training tools within the Hop Gar system and the most unconventional? Can you tell us about the Mook Yei Pai 木耳牌 or wooden ear plates?

Chris: The easiest way to describe the wooden ear plates is that they are similar to kettlebells but used differently. They help you through the same punches we throw in Hop Gar with an extended weight. The basic pair weighs around 12 pounds each, and their shape creates resistance, helping to stretch everything out. We don’t emphasize snapping in Hop Gar, so the blocks help teach smooth, wave-like power. The wooden ear plates are also difficult to make because of their unique shape, and while there are substitutes, nothing moves the same. It’s unclear who first created these blocks, but they’ve been around for quite some time.

Strength Training – East vs West

Ashe: I was thinking about the differences between the strength and conditioning methods in places like China, India, and Tibet compared to the West. In the West, we usually focus on sagittal plane movements, but in the East, they work more on the frontal and horizontal planes, which help stabilize your center of mass against momentum.

Some examples include Persian Yoga’s sang and meel, Hop Gar’s mook yei pai, and the Gada mace from Indian wrestling. These Eastern methods were designed to prepare fighters for combat when using weapons like swords, shields, and polearms.

In martial arts, we often discuss the role of ego and how practicing martial arts can develop a sense of humility. When we were at the Legends of Kung Fu tournament in Texas, you were leading a workshop on wooden ear plates. You mentioned how important it was to keep our egos in check. It’s common for people to try going too heavy too quickly, which can lead to injuries. That lesson really stuck with me from our time in Texas together.

What Makes Tibetan Hop Gar Unique?

Ashe: What’s one of the unique aspects of the Tibetan Hop Gar system compared to other martial arts?

Chris: The Tibetan origin is unique, as it came from the monks called “dub dub” who protected temples. They trained in martial arts to safeguard the temple and the Buddhist Goddess Shri Devi, considered the goddess of war. The Tibetan Buddhism aspect is still present in Hop Gar, and it’s essential to understand the influence of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism in Chinese Kung Fu systems.

Tibetan White Crane/Hop Gar, has it’s roots in the 15th-century. It traces its origins to a Tibetan lama named Adatuo (阿達陀), also known as Ah Dat To or the Dai Dat Lama. Adatuo resided in Qinghai province, where he initially learned Tibetan wrestling and joint-locking techniques.

Legend has it that during a meditation session in the wilderness, he witnessed a battle between an ape and a white crane. Inspired by the crane’s evasive movements and the ape’s powerful swinging and grabbing, Adatuo developed a new martial art that combined these elements.

Adatuo named his martial art Lion’s Roar (獅子吼), a term commonly used in Tibetan practices.

The main principles of Tibetan Hop Gar Kung Fu include:

  • Practical combat orientation.
  • Understanding of both mind and body through the practice of meditation.
  • Structured footwork that makes other techniques feasible.

The style is primarily composed of 12 short hands (six offensive and six defensive), 12 long hands (six offensive and six defensive), and eight sets of forms. Kicks are used but are considered second-line techniques, with the hands being the first. The basic philosophy of the art is expressed in four words:

  • Chan (殘, cán): Ruthlessness – Approach combat with unwavering determination. Weed out opponents completely. Don’t underestimate them.
  • Sim (閃, shǎn): To Evade – Maintain balance and fluidity. Move like a wheel to avoid confrontation. Lateral movements and body angling are key.
  • Chuen (穿, chuān): To Pierce – Exploit transitional moments. Seize opportunities when the opponent extends or withdraws.
  • Jeet (截, jié): To Intercept – Anticipate and stop the enemy’s actions. Softness conquers hardness; strength exploits weaknesses. Judge motives to intercept effectively.

 “Chan” means cruelty or destruction, which many people misunderstand. It’s about ripping up the roots of a problem and the Buddhist concept of destroying the ego. This allows a warrior to execute Kung Fu without hesitation or holding back, as they’ve already accepted their potential death. We’re not trying to make bullies but rather teach practitioners to keep their egos in check and be prepared for any situation.

Ashe: In the Hagakure, the book of the Samurai, they mention that samurai should meditate every day as if they’re already dead, so they can fully commit to the fight.

Going back to the concept of cruelty and uprooting your ego, in traditional Chinese martial arts, they say that being kind to your opponent is cruel to yourself.

There’s a lot to unpack here, and we could discuss it further if you join us again. 

Misconceptions About Hop Gar

Ashe: So, what is the most common misconception about Hop Gar, or some of the most common misconceptions about kung fu in general?

Hop Gar vs. Hung Gar

Chris: I’ll give you one on Hop Gar. The most common misconception about Hop Gar is that it’s Hung Gar! Hung Gar is better known, and the two often get confused. 

Is Hop Gar Effective?

As for kung fu, the most common misconception is that it’s not a valid form of self-protection or boxing. This is due to historical oppression in China and the use of martial arts as a means of making money rather than for actual self-defense. As people got more comfortable and experienced less strife, the need for martial arts diminished, and their effectiveness suffered. This has happened in many other arts as well. However, in inner-city boxing gyms where people struggle to survive, their skills remain valid or improve.

We discussed the importance of pressure testing your techniques earlier. It’s crucial to challenge yourself and improve what you’re doing. Unfortunately, many kung fu schools don’t do this effectively. The Shaolin Temple, for example, has a San Da program mainly used for sports. Still, there needs to be more understanding of how to box with the other forms. This is a problem in many schools around the world. I was fortunate to meet and learn from fighters genuinely interested in combat, but not everyone had that opportunity. If your teacher wasn’t a boxer, it’s difficult for them to teach you how to be one using your kung fu techniques.

Many people end up using basic techniques like jab, cross, hook and kick instead of their kung fu, which seems wasteful given the time and effort put into learning their art. I hope everyone who invests so much time in understanding their kung fu can learn to box with it effectively. That would make me very happy.

Common Beginner Mistakes In Martial Arts

Ashe: What do you think are some of the most common mistakes beginners make when getting involved with martial arts?

Chris: They put way too much speed and power into techniques they don’t understand. That’s the biggest one. Another common mistake is just constantly thinking about “what’s next.” 

Ashe: Can you explain that a bit more?

Chris: People tend to try and go hard, overuse their bodies, and not make the correct shape. They concentrate on power and speed, and then it becomes messy. Slowing down, building the proper form, and gradually increasing speed and muscle are essential. 

People often come into a sweaty gym with a bunch of gorillas and then are expected to take it easy. It’s from a good place; they want to do it well, but eventually, easing up and going a bit slower and smoother will pay off. We have exercises that people can go hard on, but it doesn’t make sense to apply that to boxing most of the time because it results in bad form, which sticks with them.

Ashe: So make it right first and then try to put power on it.

Chris: You need to choose an art that resonates with you and go deep to get the most out of it. This isn’t about sampling a variety of practices and moving on. It’s about finding an art that feels like an extension of your being and then pursuing it wholeheartedly. You also need to find a teacher and a community that supports your practice so that you can continue to grow and develop your skills over time.

Kung Fu In The Modern Era

Ashe: What do you think the value of traditional martial arts is in today’s world of firearms and mixed martial arts?

Chris: Having bodily control, confidence in yourself, and awareness are key in self-defense, regardless of the weapon used. Situational awareness is essential, and ignoring your surroundings, whether on headphones or looking at phones, can lead to dangerous situations. For example, an MMA fighter was hit by a bus he didn’t see coming because he was distracted. Conversely, a kid without a phone saved a busload of children when the driver had a heart attack because the kid was aware of his surroundings and knew how to drive a bit. He was able to save all those other kids because he didn’t have his nose pressed against a screen; he was paying attention to what was happening.

As for the value of traditional martial arts, training in awareness and building physical skills has numerous benefits beyond self-defense. The key to making martial arts training valid in the modern world is to pressure test the techniques consistently. Traditional martial arts form the basis of MMA, and many are a mix of various disciplines. Finding the right fit and practicing deeply is essential. Traditional martial arts are still very valid; it’s all about where and how you learn.

I firmly believe that traditional martial arts have a lot of value in today’s world, even with the advent of firearms and mixed martial arts. Situational awareness is critical, and being able to defend oneself in various situations is essential. My Sifu has always told me that there are three crucial things that make a good Kung Fu practitioner: a hard hand, guts, and training partners. To make our training valid in our current day and age, we constantly pressure test the techniques to ensure they are effective. 

Xiu, Xiaodong

Just look at what Xu Xiaodong was doing on the mainland; I agree that he exposed some weak spots in traditional martial arts that aren’t consistently pressure tested. However, those who were challenged should have known better than to take on a challenger if they hadn’t consistently practiced sparring alongside traditional martial arts.

If Xu were to challenge a practitioner who pressure tests their skills and techniques regularly, he would be in for a real challenge. As someone who’s competed in mixed martial arts, I believe that traditional martial arts, which many MMA disciplines are based on, are still incredibly valid.

Don’t Forget To Breathe

Ashe: If you could go back in time and talk to your younger self as you’re just getting started with martial arts; what do you know now that you wish you knew then?

Chris: I think that I would tell myself to breathe. I took far too long to catch on to the idea of Qigong; I have little kids doing Qigong already! And embracing those words and understanding that they can control their breath and do things with their breath that are so impactful to their life in general, let alone sports performance. As I was coming up, I didn’t realize it till I was much older.

I was at Michigan State University where I was part of a karate club. And we had people from all over the state, and we’d have Friday night fights. And so I realized that I was gassing.

I was amped up and nervous, and I was getting my ass kicked a lot, so “the nerves,” then, on top of that, I was holding my breath and gassing myself. And I just came to this ridiculous realization that I was starving myself. And so I would fight with people and yell out loud, “Breathe!” They’d think I was talking to them, but really, I was just reminding myself.

I didn’t have any Qigong training at that point. So I would tell myself much earlier, “Hey, you’re gonna want to learn how to breathe. Let’s put that as a priority.” In school today, we emphasize it so much because so many people are hypertensive just because they can’t breathe correctly. And so that would be what I know now that I wish I had learned a little earlier.

Ashe: I basically had the same experience!

Finding Flow Through Kung Fu

Ashe: Okay, what book have you gifted most often to fellow martial artists or your students, or what book would you recommend? Doesn’t necessarily have to be a martial arts book, but something that’s going to help people develop themselves.

Chris: Man, I’m terrible at this because there are so many good books. Bone Games is a brilliant story of a runner who gets caught in the mountains late one night.

As he’s coming home, the fog sets in. He loses his way as he climbs down this section where he usually knows where to climb in that, and he gets caught, unable to go up or down. So his choice that he’s left with is to let go, and he falls onto a cliff abutment and passes out for a time when he wakes up.

He realizes he’s injured, maybe not critically, but not great. He needs to get himself down the mountain. The space that he was left in from that fall allows him to, as he described it, he ran down the slope, and he could see the rock falling past him as he was running and breaking this rock apart.

And he did something that he never thought possible for a human, and, you know, went through this experience, and then continues to look for the same space. And though it’s not a martial art book, it’s just such a great reminder of the potential of the human and what we can accomplish if we open our minds to possibility.

No Limits

The only boundary is the number of hours you’re willing to put in. So, that story does an excellent job because he spends the rest of his life looking for that spot through the runner’s high. And he said, “I didn’t find it, I found something close.”

What allowed him to get to that space? Was it head trauma that caused it? Was it, you know, the energetic burst? What was it? So, I liked that book because it’s a fun read.

And it’s instructive of possibility.

Bruce Lee said, “have no limit as limit.” Read more in our article on Bruce Lee’s philosophy.

Ashe: I mean, it sounds like he was in a life-and-death situation. That helped put him into that flow state that everybody talks about, where suddenly you can do something that seems impossible. It’s been there all along. It is just something in the way that is blocking you from it.

Let Go

Chris: In the practice of martial arts, so many people say, “I can’t, I can’t, I can’t, I can’t.” In Tai Chi and Qiong, there’s the idea that most people say song; they just say song, but it’s fan song

So the fan is “release,” and “the song” is relaxed. So how do you get to relax: you let go. That’s what this is suggesting. But most people just say, “song, just relax.”

But I remember Sifu David Chin, we went to a thing, it was a wellness exhibition or a wellness conference, and there was a professor from Harvard at the conference. And he was lecturing on mindfulness and relaxation: “You just have to relax.” And Sifu asked, “You gotta relax? How are you supposed to relax?” 

That’s what this release part is; you let go. You know, talk again about letting go of your ego, let go of your intention, let go of your musculature, you know, you let things hang, you know, he talked about all the structural stuff, something like this, let go, let go, let go and let go of the idea that you can’t, you know, let go of it.

So then all possibilities exist, the Wuji, you know, no limits; that empty space where all possibility exists so that you can create what you think you can. It doesn’t have a boundary.

Connect With Chris

Ashe: Where can people follow up with you if they want to get in touch and see what you’re doing?

Chris: You can follow Seven Star Kung Fu on Instagram @sevenstarkungfu or visit our website, sevenstarkungfuacademy.com, if you’re interested in classes. We’re also on YouTube, so search for my name or David Chin’s, and you’ll find some great videos. And if you’re in Chapel Hill and want to catch a workout, come by!

Ashe: I wish you all the success with your school. You’re keeping the real old-school kung fu alive, and it’s good for all of us. Thank you for your time this morning on behalf of Grandmaster Sam Chin.

Chris: Thank you so much. It’s been great chatting with you.

Conclusion

As someone who has always been interested in martial arts, it was a pleasure to speak with Chris Heintzman and learn more about Tibetan Hop Gar Kung Fu. Chris’s passion for preserving traditional martial arts and his dedication to teaching his students is truly inspiring. His extensive background in full-contact competition and emphasis on pressure testing techniques highlight the importance of practical application in martial arts.

Through our conversation, I gained a deeper understanding of the philosophy behind Tibetan Hop Gar and its emphasis on developing bodily control, confidence, and awareness. Chris’s emphasis on the importance of awareness training and the value of traditional martial arts in self-defense was enlightening.

Overall, Chris’s insights into the world of martial arts were invaluable. His passion for his craft and commitment to preserving old-school kung fu is admirable. I am grateful for the opportunity to speak with Chris and gain a deeper understanding of the value of traditional martial arts in modern times.

If you enjoyed this interview, you can find more like it in our list of martial arts.

Show Some Love

If you found this article useful, you can support my blog by making a purchase from our Amazon Storefront and help me continue to provide valuable content.

If you’re ready to embark on your own journey of personal growth through martial arts, here are three ways I can help:

  1. Consider our small group or online martial arts classes to start your practice.
  2. Explore our other articles to deepen your understanding.
  3. Book a free discovery call to find out if one of our programs is right for you.
Join us and unlock the secrets of the Old Masters!

Read More!

About the Author

I Liq Chuan Instructor Ashe Higgs

Ashe Higgs, I Liq Chuan Master Instructor & L2 Nutrition Coach

Ashe is a highly skilled martial arts instructor and certified nutrition coach with over two decades of experience in the field. He holds a Master Instructor certification in I Liq Chuan under Sam FS Chin, making him one of only several individuals worldwide to hold the title. He has taught classes and workshops worldwide and is passionate about helping others achieve their fitness and wellness goals.

With a background in full-contact fighting and a Level 2 certification from Precision Nutrition in nutrition coaching, Ashe is a well-rounded expert in the fields of martial arts. In addition to his expertise, he has a wealth of experience in teaching and mentoring others. He has a natural ability to connect with his students and inspire them to reach their full potential.

Read more about Ashe here…

Disclaimers & Conflicts of Interest

I am not a doctor, and the information provided should not be considered medical advice. The information provided is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, exercise routine, or lifestyle.

Please note that some of the links provided in this content may be affiliate links, meaning that I may receive a small commission if you purchase through them. However, please rest assured that any products or services recommended are based on my personal experience and belief in their value. I only recommend products or services that I have personally used and believe in.

Posted on

5 Martial Arts Like Tai Chi

Step into the world of martial arts like Tai Chi and uncover the ancient teachings passed down from the Old Masters. These mindful movement practices have evolved into various styles and forms, each with its own unique techniques, principles, and philosophies. Tai Chi, known for its slow and fluid movements that promote relaxation and inner calm, is just one of the many martial arts that offer a pathway to physical and mental harmony. Unleash the secrets of these practices and explore the world of martial arts, where you’ll find a universe of possibilities for personal growth and development.

image of stars and planets as a tai chi diagram
Tai Chi principles are a study of the cycles of nature and the flow of the universe and everything in it.

Different Styles Of Martial Arts Like Tai Chi

  1. Xingyiquan
  2. Baguazhang
  3. Aikido
  4. Yiquan
  5. I Liq Chuan

Jump To

  1. Other Martial Arts Like Tai Chi
  2. How Are They Different
  3. Benefits
  4. Mindfulness
  5. Philosophy
  6. Conclusion
  7. About The Author
  8. Disclaimers

In this article, we will explore five different martial arts like Tai Chi, and their benefits for the mind and body. We will dive into the world of slow-movement practices and discover various styles, techniques, and philosophies that are perfect for anyone looking for a low-impact workout that promotes health, wellness, and mindfulness. We’ll also take a look at some of the modern science that confirms the wisdom of the Old Masters.

What Are Other Martial Arts Like Tai Chi?

Taijiquan 太極拳 (Tai Chi), Xingyiquan 形意拳, and Baguazhang 八卦掌 are all internal Chinese martial arts. The term “internal martial art” (neijia 內家, literally “inner family”)  refers to a style of martial art that focuses on developing internal energy, or qi ( breath/energy 氣). It emphasizes the use of relaxation, breathing, and mental focus to generate power and execute techniques. This is in contrast to external martial arts, which tend to focus more on physical strength and conditioning. 

Internal martial arts are often practiced slowly and with a high degree of precision, with the goal of developing a strong mind-body connection and cultivating a deep understanding of the principles of martial arts. In reality, there should be no difference between the internal and external styles of Kung Fu.  All complete systems of Chinese Kung Fu will incorporate training methods for strength, conditioning, focus and qigong 氣功 to cultivate the inner feel.

Xingyiquan

Xingyiquan master artwork
Xingyiquan is an internal martial art like Tai Chi, but more aggressive.

Legend says that Marshall Yue Fei founded Xingyiquan. However, this is just a combination of urban legend and Chinese culture. While Yue Fei was a skilled martial artist who played an important role in the history of China, there is no historical evidence to support the claim that he founded Xingyiquan. The style was actually developed centuries later by Li Luoneng 李洛能, who drew on his own experiences and knowledge of other martial arts to create this unique and powerful style. In Chinese culture, where humility is prized, it is common to attribute your work to a famous ancestor rather than taking personal credit.  It is also common to draw on the “star power” of famous Old Masters to borrow legitimacy.

Li lived during the 19th century and was born in the Hebei province of China. Li Luoneng was a skilled martial artist who had studied several styles of Chinese martial arts, including Xinyiquan 心意拳 and Tongbeiquan 通背拳, before developing his own style, which he named Xingyiquan. The style is known for its emphasis on simplicity, directness, and power and is characterized by its use of tight spirals within aggressive linear movements and explosive bursts of energy. 

Wuxing – The Five Elements

The Chinese Five Elements, also known as Wu Xing 五行, are a set of symbolic representations of the natural world that are used in traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts. The Five Elements are Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water, each associated with different qualities, emotions, and physical characteristics. In Xingyiquan, the Five Elements are used to represent different fighting techniques and strategies. For example, the Wood element may be associated with a fast, aggressive attack, while the Water element may be associated with a flowing, evasive movement. By practicing techniques associated with each of the Five Elements, Xingyiquan practitioners seek to develop a deep understanding of the principles of martial arts and cultivate a versatile, adaptive fighting style.

Today, Xingyiquan is practiced around the world and is considered one of the major traditional Chinese martial arts. Xingyiquan is said to be highly effective in close combat situations, making it a valuable skill for self-defense.


Baguazhang

The founder of Baguazhang was a Chinese martial artist named Dong Haichuan. Dong was born in Zhu village, China and trained in martial arts as a child. He left his hometown due to poverty, and continued to study martial arts and Taoist training methods on his travels throughout China. Dong eventually synthesized them to create Baguazhang. The style is characterized by its use of circular, flowing movements and its emphasis on the practitioner’s ability to change direction quickly and fluidly. 

The Eight Trigrams 

image of a Baguazhang master
Bagua is a martial art like Tai Chi known for it’s circle walking and use of palm strikes.

The Eight Trigrams, also known as Ba Gua, are a set of symbols used in traditional Chinese philosophy, divination, and martial arts. Each of the eight trigrams is comprised of three lines, broken or unbroken, and represents different natural forces and principles. In Baguazhang, a martial art known for its circular, flowing movements, the Eight Trigrams are used as a framework for developing martial techniques and strategies. 

Practitioners of Baguazhang use the trigrams to guide their movements and to visualize different combat scenarios. Each trigram is associated with a different animal, such as the dragon or the snake, and with different elements, such as fire or water. By training with the Eight Trigrams, Baguazhang practitioners seek to develop a deep understanding of the principles of martial arts and to cultivate a versatile, adaptable fighting style.

Circle Walking

Bagua circle walking is a fundamental practice of the martial art, where practitioners walk around in a circle while performing various techniques. The circle is seen as a microcosm of the universe, and practitioners use it to develop balance, coordination, and footwork while also cultivating internal energy.

The art of Baguazhang has been portrayed in popular culture in films such as The One with Jet Li as well as The Grandmaster with Zhang, Ziyi. In The One, Jet Li also plays an evil version of himself from a parallel universe who is a master of Xingyi rather than Bagua, culminating in an epic showdown of Xingyi vs. Bagua! The One is still one of my favorite Jet Li movies of all time! If you’ve never seen it, I highly recommend you watch on Amazon Prime.

The Grandmaster is a film about Bruce Lee’s teacher Ip Man. In the film Zhang, Ziyi plays Gong Er, the daughter of famous Baguazhang master Gong Yutian, and a kung fu master in her own right. Watch The Grandmaster on Amazon Prime.


Yiquan

Yiquan 意拳, also known as Dachengquan 大成拳, is a Chinese martial art that was developed in the early 20th century by a martial artist named Wang Xiangzhai 王薌齋. It is an internal martial art that develops whole-body power, rootedness, and spontaneity. The style is characterized by its use of standing meditation, called zhan zhuang (jaam jong in Cantonese) to cultivate a strong mind-body connection and its emphasis on practical, effective self-defense techniques. 

Zhan Zhuang

Zhan Zhuang 站樁 is a type of standing meditation that is often practiced as part of internal martial arts training, including Yiquan and Taijiquan. The term “zhan zhuang” translates to “standing like a post”, and refers to the practice of standing in a fixed position for an extended period of time while focusing on breathing and bodily sensations. The goal of zhan zhuang is to cultivate inner feel, and to develop a strong mind-body connection. The practice is often described as challenging and physically demanding and can be used to develop strength, endurance, and relaxation. Zhan Zhuang is considered an important component of internal martial arts training and is also used by practitioners of qigong, meditation, and other forms of traditional Chinese health and wellness practices.


Aikido

Aikido 合氣道 is a martial art that originated in Japan and is based on the principles of non-resistance and harmonious resolution of conflict. It is sometimes compared to Tai Chi, in that both emphasize balance, flexibility, circular movement and relaxation.

Despite their cultural differences, Aikido and Tai Chi share common principles and practices. For example, they both focus on using the opponent’s energy against them rather than relying on brute force. They also both place emphasis on mindfulness and developing a deeper understanding of oneself and one’s surroundings.

In addition, both Aikido and Tai Chi are considered to be “soft” martial arts, meaning that they prioritize flowing movements and circular patterns over hard, linear techniques. This makes them especially well-suited for practitioners more interested in self-improvement and personal growth than dominating opponents.

Aikido’s fundamental principles include entering, breathing control, triangular principle, turning movements, and redirecting the opponent’s attack momentum. Its curriculum comprises throws, joint locks, and a weapons system that includes bokken (wooden sword), tanto (knife), and jo (short staff).

Aikido is a contemporary martial art developed in Japan by Morihei Ueshiba 植芝 盛平. Morihei Ueshiba developed Aikido in Japan as a means of self-defense that emphasizes protecting both the practitioner and their attacker. To describe this principle, Morihei Ueshiba coined the phrase “masakatsu agatsu katsuhayabi” (正勝吾勝勝速日), which means “true victory, final victory over oneself, here and now.” He based Aikido on his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs, with the primary goal being to overcome oneself rather than cultivate violence or aggressiveness.

Origins of Aikido

Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu was the main martial art from which Aikido derived. Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu is a Japanese martial art that originated in the 19th century. It was developed by Sokaku Takeda, who was known for his skills in grappling and joint-locking techniques. The art was heavily influenced by various styles of traditional Japanese jujutsu and swordsmanship.

The techniques of Daitō-ryū were kept secret and passed down through generations within the Takeda family until Sokaku Takeda began teaching the art publicly in the early 20th century. He taught the art to a number of students, including Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido.

Aikido art
Aikido is a soft martial art like Tai Chi

While Aikido diverged from Daitō-ryū in the late 1920s, many of the techniques and principles of Daitō-ryū are still present in Aikido today. 

Overall, while Aikido may be a Japanese martial art and Tai Chi a Chinese one, they share enough similarities in terms of philosophy and practice to be included in the same list of martial arts. Both are valuable tools for developing physical and mental strength, as well as for cultivating a greater sense of peace and harmony in one’s life.


I Liq Chuan

I Liq Chuan 意力拳 is a powerful and transformative martial art that offers a complete art for both body and mind. Based on Tai Chi principles and Zen philosophy, it teaches practitioners to use natural movements to create fluid, circular movements for both attack and defense. It was developed by Chin Lik Keong in the late 20th century. Practitioners of I Liq Chuan learn to develop their awareness, balance, and coordination and to move in a way that is effortless and efficient. I Liq Chuan also emphasizes the importance of meditation and mental focus, as well as developing a strong understanding of the principles of physics and mechanics. It is considered a practical and effective martial art for self-defense, as well as a way to promote physical fitness and personal growth.

I Liq Chuan is a martial art that is known for its unique spinning and sticky hands training. Spinning hands is similar to pummeling in wrestling and involves winding or wrapping the arms in multiple circular patterns with a partner using varying degrees of force, including pulling and pushing, while maintaining balance and fluidity. 

Fullness

photo of Sam FS Chin

Spinning hands is a training method that helps practitioners develop a quality called “fullness.” When we achieve fullness, it creates a virtual sphere around us that makes it difficult for an opponent to strike us or effect our balance. The sphere is created by the pressure that we apply to the opponent’s center and the tension that we create through their body. The opponent feels “stuck” to us because of this pressure, and the curve of the sphere prevents them from striking us. 

Satellites communicate with each other by transmitting radio signals, which travel in a straight line through the vacuum of space. In order for two satellites to communicate with each other, they need to have a clear “line of sight” between them, meaning that there can’t be any obstacles blocking the path of the radio signals. If there are obstacles, such as the curve of the earth, in the way of the radio signals, they will be blocked and won’t be able to reach the other satellite. 

Likewise, an opponent has no clear path to strike us because of the curve of the sphere, and they can’t affect our balance or apply force to our center of mass. This helps practitioners to develop a highly refined sense of timing, positioning, and control, which is essential for effective self-defense techniques. I Liq Chuan’s emphasis on these unique training methods sets it apart from other martial arts and makes it a highly effective and versatile system for self-defense and personal development.

By developing awareness, balance, and coordination, practitioners can move effortlessly and efficiently. They also learn to apply the principles of physics and mechanics in their practice. I Liq Chuan is an effective self-defense system, but it also promotes physical fitness and personal growth.

Start Your Journey To Mastery

If you’re interested in discovering the power of I Liq Chuan, check out “What is I Liq Chuan?” or consider signing up for our two-week trial or online program. Start your journey to complete body and mind transformation today.


How Do Martial Arts Like Tai Chi Differ From Other Forms Of Martial Arts?

Martial arts like Tai Chi differ from other forms of martial arts in several ways. Here are some of the key differences:

  1. Movement: Unlike many other martial arts, which often involve quick, explosive movements, Tai Chi is characterized by slow, flowing movements. These movements are designed to be soft and gentle, emphasizing relaxation and balance rather than power and aggression.
  2. Self-defense: While Tai Chi does include self-defense techniques, it is not primarily focused on combat or competition. Instead, it is often practiced for health and wellness benefits, as well as for its meditative and mindfulness aspects.
  3. Philosophy: Tai Chi is deeply rooted in Taoist philosophy, which emphasizes balance, harmony, and the cultivation of inner peace. This philosophy is reflected in the slow, gentle movements of Tai Chi, as well as in its emphasis on mindfulness and relaxation.
  4. Breathing: Tai Chi places a great deal of emphasis on breathing, with practitioners often using specific breathing techniques to help calm the mind and relax the body. This is different from other martial arts, which may place less emphasis on breathing.
  5. Accessibility: Tai Chi is often seen as a more accessible form of martial arts, as people of all ages and fitness levels can practice it. The slow, gentle movements make it less physically demanding than many other martial arts, and it can be adapted to suit individual needs and abilities.

Overall, while martial arts like Tai Chi do share some similarities with other forms of martial arts, they are distinct in their focus on slow, gentle movements, mindfulness, and relaxation.

The Benefits Of Gentle Movement Practices

  1. Reduced stress and anxiety: Gentle movement practices help to calm the mind and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety.
  2. Improved flexibility and balance: These practices help to improve flexibility and balance, reducing the risk of falls and injuries.
  3. Increased strength and endurance: While these practices are gentle, they still require physical effort, which can help to increase strength and endurance over time.
  4. Pain relief: Gentle movement practices can help to reduce pain and stiffness in the body, particularly in areas like the back and joints.
  5. Better sleep: Practicing these movements can help to improve the quality of sleep, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep.
  6. Improved mood: These practices have been shown to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.

Overall, gentle movement practices offer a low-impact way to improve physical and mental health, making them accessible to people of all ages and fitness levels.

How Do Martial Arts Like Tai Chi Promote Mindfulness And Relaxation?

意到氣到力到 where the attention goes, energy goes.
意到氣到力到: Where the attention goes, energy goes.

Martial arts like Tai Chi promote mindfulness and relaxation through a combination of slow, flowing movements and focused breathing. The practice of Tai Chi involves moving through a series of postures and transitions in a slow, controlled manner while paying close attention to one’s body and breath. This requires concentration and mental focus, which can help to quiet the mind and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety.

Tai Chi also emphasizes relaxation and softness in the body, encouraging practitioners to release tension and move with ease. This can help to reduce muscle tension and promote a sense of calm in the body.

In addition, Tai Chi incorporates deep breathing exercises, which can help to increase oxygen flow to the body and promote relaxation. This type of breathing can also help to slow down the heart rate and lower blood pressure, further promoting a sense of calm and relaxation.

Overall, the slow, gentle movements of Tai Chi, combined with focused breathing and mental focus, make it a powerful tool for promoting mindfulness and relaxation.

The Philosophy Behind Martial Arts Like Tai Chi

Martial arts like Tai Chi are rooted in Taoist philosophy, which emphasizes the balance between yin and yang and the cultivation of inner peace and harmony. The practice of Tai Chi involves moving through a series of postures and transitions in a slow, controlled manner while paying close attention to one’s body and breath. This requires concentration and mental focus, which can help to quiet the mind and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety.

Tai Chi also emphasizes the concept of “softness overcoming hardness,” meaning that with proper technique and body mechanics, even a smaller, weaker person can overcome a larger, stronger opponent. This principle is based on the idea of using an opponent’s energy against them rather than relying on brute force.

Another key aspect of Tai Chi philosophy is the idea of “wu-wei,” which means “non-action” or “effortless action”. This involves learning to move with ease and fluidity, without forcing or straining the body. By practicing wu-wei, practitioners of Tai Chi aim to cultivate a sense of calm and relaxation while also becoming more efficient and effective in their movements.

Overall, the philosophy behind martial arts like Tai Chi is focused on promoting inner peace, harmony, and balance, both in the body and in mind. Through the practice of Tai Chi, practitioners can learn to move with grace and ease while also developing mental focus and clarity.

Conclusion

In this article, we explored the world of martial arts, focusing on Tai Chi and other gentle movement practices. We discussed the benefits of these practices, including increased mindfulness, relaxation, physical health, and the philosophy behind them.

We also looked at the key differences between Tai Chi and other forms of martial arts, such as their focus on slow, flowing movements and the cultivation of inner peace and harmony.

Overall, this article highlighted the many benefits of martial arts like Tai Chi, both for physical health and mental well-being.

Key Takeaways:

  • Tai Chi is a low-impact exercise that promotes gentle movement.
  • Gentle movement practices like Tai Chi can improve balance, flexibility, and overall health.
  • Tai Chi is just one of the many forms of martial arts that promote gentle movement practices.
  • Different styles of martial arts like Tai Chi have their own unique techniques and principles.
  • The philosophy behind martial arts like Tai Chi emphasizes mindfulness, relaxation, and inner peace.
  • Practicing martial arts like Tai Chi regularly can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.

In a world where stress and anxiety are all too common, it’s easy to overlook the importance of mindfulness, relaxation, and inner peace. But martial arts like Tai Chi offer a powerful reminder of the value of these practices, helping us to reconnect with our bodies, calm our minds, and find a sense of balance and harmony.

Whether you’re a seasoned martial artist or someone who’s never tried a gentle movement practice before, Tai Chi and other martial arts offer a wealth of benefits for both body and mind. So why not try them, and see for yourself what they can do for you? With a little practice and dedication, you might be surprised at the positive impact they can have on your life.

Join us and unlock the secrets of the Old Masters!

Read More!

About the Author

I Liq Chuan Instructor Ashe Higgs

Ashe Higgs, I Liq Chuan Master Instructor & L2 Nutrition Coach

Ashe is a highly skilled martial arts instructor and certified nutrition coach with over two decades of experience in the field. He holds a Master Instructor certification in I Liq Chuan under Sam FS Chin, making him one of only several individuals worldwide to hold the title. He has taught classes and workshops worldwide and is passionate about helping others achieve their fitness and wellness goals.

With a background in full-contact fighting and a Level 2 certification from Precision Nutrition in nutrition coaching, Ashe is a well-rounded expert in the fields of martial arts. In addition to his expertise, he has a wealth of experience in teaching and mentoring others. He has a natural ability to connect with his students and inspire them to reach their full potential.

Read more about Ashe here…

Disclaimers & Conflicts of Interest

I am not a doctor, and the information provided should not be considered medical advice. The information provided is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, exercise routine, or lifestyle.

Please note that some of the links provided in this content may be affiliate links, meaning that I may receive a small commission if you purchase through them. However, please rest assured that any products or services recommended are based on my personal experience and belief in their value. I only recommend products or services that I have personally used and believe in.

Posted on

Where Did Kung Fu Originate?

A Brief History of Kung Fu

Kung fu, also known as Chinese martial arts, was born in China over 2000 years ago. Like China itself, kung fu has a long and complex history. The history of Kung Fu is a story full of rivalries, mysteries, heroes, villains, intrigue, secret societies, emperors, monks, and many myths and legends. It’s no wonder that kung fu still serves as a source of inspiration for movies and television. It also draws everyday people worldwide to improve their lives through martial arts!

A short history of the origins and development of kung fu

Key Takeaways

  • Kung fu originated in China.
  • Four sub-categories group Kung Fu’s many styles: village/family styles, military styles, temple styles, and secret society styles.
  • Factors such as geography, climate, culture, and history shaped the development and evolution of Kung Fu styles and techniques across regions.
  • Kung Fu styles and techniques also absorbed elements from other martial arts styles and cultural traditions worldwide.

Where Did Kung Fu Come From?

The origins of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to the Stone Age when people in China used weapons such as spears and knives for hunting and self-defense. As civilization developed, people in China began to study and practice various combat techniques to protect themselves and maintain order.

Many styles of kung fu developed and evolved over time. 

Various factors, including China’s geography, climate, culture, and history, influenced the development and evolution of Kung Fu styles and techniques. Kung fu styles and training methods also absorbed elements from other martial arts styles and cultural traditions worldwide, mainly from India.

Today, kung fu is practiced throughout the world and is known for its powerful, graceful movements and as a tool for cultivating discipline and wisdom. It is an integral part of Chinese culture and has influenced martial arts and popular culture worldwide.

back to top…

What Is The Meaning of Kung Fu?

Before we dig into the history of kung fu, it might be helpful to understand better what we mean when talking about kung fu. The term “kung fu” (功夫) means “hard work” + “time.” It has the sense of “skill” or “achievement”; it means “mastery.” Kung fu can technically refer to any discipline or skill developed through hard work and practice. 

In the West, “kung fu” is usually used to refer specifically to Chinese martial arts; it is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of styles, each with unique training methods and philosophies. These styles are often named after the legendary founder, family, or temple where they originated. Kung fu styles are usually classified as Northern/Southern or internal/external, depending on their characteristics and emphasis.

In addition to its fighting applications, kung fu is also seen as a way of cultivating mental and physical discipline and is often practiced as a path to self-improvement. Many who practice kung fu view it as a way of life, and they strive to embody the values of respect and self-control in all aspects of their lives. This warrior’s code of ethics is referred to in Mandarin as Wude 武 德.

back to top…

The Many Names of Kung Fu

“Wushu” (武术) is a more formal Chinese term that means “martial art” or “martial technique.” It can correctly refer to the traditional Chinese martial arts styles, but most people use Wushu to refer to the modern competitive sport that was developed based on traditional forms but has become more of a performance art. Modern Wushu emphasizes gymnastics with an apparatus (fake weapons) similar to women’s rhythmic gymnastics. While wushu athletes perform displays of tremendous athleticism, modern Wushu training lacks self-defense applications.

“Wuyi” (武艺) means “martial art” or “martial skill.” Wuyi is used to refer to the practical martial arts techniques that were developed for use in combat and self-defense. Dr. Yang, Jwingming, noted author, states that the historical term used was Wuyi. Other appropriate terms for Chinese martial arts are kuoshu 國術 (national art) and quanfa 拳法 (boxing/fighting techniques/methods).

Overall, “kung fu” is the most popular term for Chinese martial arts.

back to top…

Different Types Of Kung Fu

Understanding the different categories or “families” of kung fu can help us understand the history of kung fu in a better context. There are many different styles of Kung Fu, which can generally be grouped into two main categories: northern and southern styles. Within both northern and southern styles, there are four main sub-categories:

  • village/family styles
  • military styles
  • temple styles
  • secret society styles

Village or family styles: These styles are developed and passed down within a particular village or family and are often closely guarded secrets. These styles are typically passed down from generation to generation within a specific family or community.

Military styles: Military styles were designed to be used in a battlefield context, and tend to focus more heavily on using weapons like the sword, spear, or other long weapons while wearing armor, etc.

Temple styles: Monks developed and practiced Temple styles, which are now considered more spiritual and philosophical. However, historically, temples like Shaolin were known for their martial arts skills and acted as a sort of militia or special forces in many military conflicts and during periods of civil unrest throughout China’s history.

Secret society styles: These styles are developed and practiced by members of secret societies or gangs and are often more underground and subversive. Secret society styles frequently had a political or revolutionary agenda and may be associated with criminal activities.

These sub-categories of kung fu are not mutually exclusive. They all interacted with and influenced each other throughout history. For example, a military officer’s only option for retirement from service to the emperor was often to become a monk. In turn, he might lead a group of renegade monks in rebellion against the corrupt government and then join bandits or go into hiding in a remote village after the government destroyed the temple in retribution. The same individual might have shared his knowledge of martial arts in all four contexts at different points in his career.

back to top…

The Silk Road & Kung Fu

camels crossing the desert
The Silk Road played an important part in the development of kung fu

Undoubtedly, one of the most significant historical forces that helped shape the development of Chinese martial arts was The Silk Road. The Silk Road was an ancient trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean. It was called the Silk Road because silk from China was one of the leading products traded along these routes. The Silk Road began in the 2nd century BC and was used for over 1,400 years. It stretched over 6,000 miles and passed through many countries, including modern-day China, India, Iran, Greece, and Italy.

The Silk Road played a crucial role in the cultural exchange between the East and the West. Along with silk and slaves, goods, such as spices, gold, ivory, and precious stones, were traded along these routes. Ideas, religions, and technologies were also exchanged along the Silk Road, leading to the spread of Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.

image of ancient bazaar along the SIlk Road
Silk, spices, and more nefarious things were bought and sold all along the Silk Road

Mercenaries from within China and those from regions to the West, such as India and Persia, were frequently hired to serve as guards, protecting caravans from bandits on the long, perilous journies between East and West.

Map of The Silk Road
Map of The Silk Road
source: Kelvin Case/Wikipedia

The Old Masters of kung fu had the benefit of exchanging training methods with each other and foreign fighters and accruing actual “operational experience.” Ineffective fighting techniques are quickly eliminated from the gene pool in the fiery crucible of battle. This was particularly true in ancient times when combat oftentimes took place close enough to smell your opponent’s breath!

The Silk Road began to decline in the 14th Century due to the rise of maritime trade routes and the decline of the Mongol Empire, which had controlled much of the land along the Silk Road.

back to top…

Northern Leg vs. Southern Fist

The Minnesota Vikings vs. The Green Bay Packers. The New York Yankees vs. The Boston Red Socks. Like these famous modern-era sports rivalries, there have been many rivalries between different schools and styles of Chinese martial arts that reflect the history and geography of ancient China. Perhaps none more fierce than the rivalry between the North and South.

The rivalry between North and South China has a long history that dates back to ancient times. The two regions have traditionally had different cultures, languages, and economic systems, and they have often been at odds with each other.

The Yangtze River divides Northern from Southern China. The Yangtze is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world. It flows from the Tibetan Plateau in the West to the East China Sea in the East.

Mountains in Sichuan Province, China

In ancient times, the North and South were often ruled by separate governments, with frequent conflicts between the two regions. This is reflected in the martial arts styles of the two areas. China is a very diverse country with many different ethnicities. Broadly speaking, the people of northern China are often taller than their southern counterparts. In contrast, the people from the South tend to be shorter and more muscular. 

The terrain of the North is rugged, with lots of open steppes and plains. The martial arts of northern China tend to use lots of open, long-range attacks and particular emphasis on kicking techniques. In contrast, rolling hills, fertile river valleys, and a subtropical climate generally characterize the geography of China south of the Yellow River. Southern Chinese martial arts styles tend to focus more on close-range or “inside fighting” techniques using shorter, jerking movements (referred to as “short power”); thus, the famous distinction of “northern leg vs. southern fist.”

During the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), the North and South were united under a single government, but there was still tension between the two regions. In the 20th Century, the rivalry between North and South China was exacerbated by the Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), which was fought between the Nationalist government, based in the South, and the Communist Party, based in the North.

back to top…

Shaolin vs. Wutang

Legacy of The Temple Styles

Another famous historic rivalry between kung fu styles is Shaolin vs. Wutang (or Wudang in pinyin).

Wutang Kung Fu

artistic representation of Wutang Temple
Artistic representation of Wutang Temple, legendary source of
Tai Chi and other Taoist martial arts

Wutang Mountain is a southern mountain range located in Hubei Province, China. Wutang Mountain is home to the Wutang Temple, known for its beautiful architecture and importance in the history of Taoism.

The Wutang Temple was built in the 14th Century and is considered one of China’s most prominent Taoist temples, along with Emei (or Omei) Temple at Emei Mountain.

The so-called “internal” styles of Tai Chi Chuan, Baguazhang, and Xingyiquan are generally associated with the Taoist temples, especially Tai Chi, which legend says was developed by the immortal Zhang, Sanfeng after watching a crane fight a snake. Wutang is also known for the Wutang sword style.

The rivalry between Shaolin and Wutang is often summarized as “Shaolin staff vs. Wutang sword.”  

Shaolin Kung Fu

Shaolin is a Buddhist temple in the Song Mountains of China’s Henan Province. It is known as the birthplace of Shaolin Kung Fu and is one of the most famous Buddhist temples in China. The temple was built in the 5th Century and had a long history of being a center of Buddhist learning and martial arts training. 

artistic rendition of Shaolin Temple
Artistic rendition of Shaolin Temple, home of Shaolin Kung Fu

It was initially a center for Indian monks to translate Buddhist scriptures into Chinese, but it eventually became a major center for Chinese Buddhism. The temple is known for its monks’ strict discipline and physical training, renowned for their martial arts skills, and qigong methods like Yijinjing and Marrow Washing. The temple has been destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout its history.

Henan province is north of the Yangtze, while Hubei is in the South. Therefore, the rivalry between Shaolin and Wutang/Wudang can be viewed as an extension of the rivalry between bei quan 北拳 (northern boxing) and nan quan 南拳 (southern boxing).

The Destruction of The Shaolin Temple

Shaolin Temple has a long history of involvement in civil unrest and uprisings in Ancient China, working with and against the government at different times. Some examples of this include:

  • Tang Dynasty (7th Century AD): the 6th and 7th Centuries were tumultuous times in China, and the Shaolin Temple was a frequent target of thieves and warlords. The monks organized to defend the temple and developed a very high technical and tactical proficiency during this period. In 626 AD, a group of 13 Shaolin monks served as a “special operations” unit in service to the future emperor Li, Shimin, and helped establish the Tang Dynasty.
  • The Liangshan Uprising* (12th century AD): During the Song dynasty, a group of Shaolin monks joined the Liangshan rebels, a group of outlaws fighting against the corrupt and oppressive government. The Liangshan rebels, led by Song Jiang, became famous for their bravery and resistance against the government. 
  • The Ming dynasty* (14th-17th centuries AD): Shaolin monks were involved in several uprisings against the government during the Ming dynasty. One of the most famous of these was the Tianqi Uprising (1630), in which a group of Shaolin monks led a revolt against the government in an attempt to restore the Ming dynasty.
  • Nationalist & Cultural Revolution (20th Century AD): After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, China was again rocked by a period of chaos, first during the Nationalist and later the Communist revolution. A warlord shelled The Shaolin Temple during the Nationalist Revolution and largely destroyed it, and then suffered further damage during the Cultural Revolution. The temple was mostly abandoned until the 1980s. At that point, the CCP rebuilt it and today stands as a popular tourist attraction.
Shaolin Temple burning
Shaolin Temple has been destroyed multiple times throughout it’s history

In these and other cases, the Shaolin monks used their martial arts skills and their reputation for bravery to support causes that they believed in. However, they also faced persecution and retribution from the government for their involvement in these uprisings.

Many kung fu styles trace their roots to Shaolin or were subsumed within the mantle of the Shaolin arts. Known primarily for using long weapons, the staff is the core weapon of Shaolin.

*While these are actual historical events, the genuine involvement of Shaolin monks and the temple’s destruction are possibly distorted or fictional. 

back to top…

Secret Societies & Kung Fu

Some of the most fascinating histories of kung fu involve secret societies. There are many different ethnic groups and dialects throughout China. The largest ethnic group in China is the Han Chinese, who make up about 92% of the population. However, there are also 55 recognized ethnic minorities in China, including the Hui, Manchu, Tibetan, and Miao.

The many ethnic groups and dialects in China reflect the country’s long history of migration and geography and political, economic, and military struggles. These differences have shaped China’s cultural, linguistic, and political landscape. The rise and fall of various dynasties throughout China’s long history have largely fallen along ethnic lines. These divisions and other cultural factors have contributed to China’s long tradition of secret societies. 

These secret societies, also known as fraternal organizations, are groups that come together for a common purpose and have often been associated with resistance to authority and efforts to promote political and social change. As a result, they have played a complex and sometimes controversial role in Chinese history, including the Taiping Rebellion (19th Century), the Boxer Rebellion (late 19th Century), and the Chinese Civil War (20th Century). 

Yellow Turban Rebellion

One of China’s earliest and most famous secret societies was the Yellow Turbans, a group of rebels who rose against the Han dynasty in the 2nd century AD. The Yellow Turbans were believed to have been influenced by Taoist religious and philosophical ideas. They were known for their distinctive yellow scarves, which gave them their name. The Yellow Turbans were eventually defeated, but they set a precedent for other secret societies that would emerge in China throughout its history.

Red Turban Rebellion

The Red Turban Rebellion was a peasant uprising in China during the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) led by groups claiming to be members of the White Lotus Society, a millenarian sect. Widespread poverty, corruption, and religious discontent among the populace fuelled the rebellion. It broke out in the 1350s in the coastal provinces of Guangdong and Fujian and quickly spread. The rebellion challenged the rule of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, which had been in power since the 13th Century. The Yuan government eventually defeated the uprising. However, this struggle weakened the crumbling dynasty and contributed to its eventual collapse in the 14th Century.

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese Boxer used Kung Fu in the rebellion against foreign influence
Boxer Rebels
source: unknown

The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in the late 19th Century. It was led by a group of Chinese martial artists known as the “Boxers,” who opposed the influence of foreign powers in China and the spread of Christianity. The Boxers believed that traditional kung fu & qigong training methods like “Iron Shirt” and “Golden Bell” made them invulnerable to bullets. The Boxers launched a series of attacks on foreign diplomats, missionaries, and Chinese Christians in northern China.

Many kung fu movies inspired by real-life and legendary figures from the Boxer Rebellion era have been made over the years. Jackie Chan’s Legend of Drunken Master portrayed a fictional version of the historical hero Wong, Fei-hung. Wong was considered one of “The Five Tigers of Canton.” The Jet Li film, Fearless tells the story of Huo, Yuanjia, another of the Five Tigers. Bruce Lee’s Fist of Fury tells the story of the fictional character Chen Zhen, who seeks revenge on corrupt foreigners for the alleged poisoning of Huo.

Further Reading: The Boxer Rebellion: The History and Legacy of the Anti-Imperialist Uprising in China at the End of the 19th Century

Hung Mun and Hung Sun Societies

The Hung Mun and Hung Sun societies are some of the most well-known secret societies that still exist in various forms today. Hung Mun and Hung Sun have an association with different kung fu styles. A few examples are Choy Lei Fut and Wing Chun Kung Fu, the martial art made famous by Bruce Lee and more recently by the series of films about his teacher Ip Man, starring Donnie Yen.

Hung Mun

The Hung Mun (or Hongmen in pinyin) 洪門 society, also known as the Tiandihui 天地會, is a Chinese fraternal organization that has existed for over 200 years. Hung Mun means “vast gate,” and Tiandihui means “Heaven & Earth Society.” They are sometimes referred to as “Chinese Free Masons.” 

The society’s origins can be traced back to the late 18th Century when it was formed as a secret society to overthrow the Qing dynasty and restore the Ming dynasty (“Fan Qing Fu Ming” 反淸復明; lit. ‘Oppose Qing, Restore Ming’). Hung Mun has evolved over time and has been involved in various activities, including business, charity, and political activities. This is particularly true in Taiwan. However, it has also been associated with Chinese organized crime, commonly referred to as “The Triads.”

Hung Sun

Cantonese Opera
source: lensculture.com

The Hung Sun society is another secret society operating in China in the 19th Century and operated within the Road Boat Opera Company. Hung Sun 紅船 means “red boat” in Cantonese. The Red Boat Opera Company was a loose-knit association of actors, stagehands, and rapscallions who gave traveling performances of Cantonese opera.

Cantonese opera was at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Red Boat Opera company traveled up and down the Pearl River delta in Guandong Province on distinctive red boats. These operas were known for their distinctive style, including a mix of local folk music and kung fu demonstrations, theater performances, and more.

Then, much as the actors and musicians of today, the Red Boat Co. used their platform to spread their political messages throughout the region. At least some members of the opera were also fugitives from the government and used the red boats as a mobile base of operations for anti-government activities.

They were said to have practiced Red Boat Wing Chun. A close friend of Bruce Lee’s family, Fook Yeung, who helped Lee get his start in Seattle, is rumored to have been a member of the Red Boat Opera Co. and a student of Red Boat Wing Chun. Bruce Lee continued his Wing Chun training in Seattle under Fook Yeung, Praying Mantis, and more at the Seattle Chinese Youth Club.

Chin Woo/Jingwu

Hua, Yuanjia
source: wikipedia

No tale of the fraternal societies of China would be complete without mentioning Chin Woo. Strictly speaking, The Chin Woo Athletic Association (Chin Woo) is not a “secret society” but is a fraternal organization. It can be thought of as a Chinese YMCA. Ching Woo was founded in Shanghai, China, in 1910 by Huo Yuanjia, who became famous after defeating several westerners in single combat. His victories inspired many Chinese, who were demoralized due to the corruption of the Qing dynasty and foreign interference in politics and the economy in China at that time, including the Opium trade. Drug addiction, prostitution, and corruption were rampant.

Master Huo said, “for a nation to grow strong, everyone must train in martial arts.” Huo hoped to help rejuvenate China through the discipline of Kung Fu and the code of Wude.

Chin Woo was banned in 1949 after the Communist Party came to power in China, and many of its members were persecuted. The organization was later re-established in Hong Kong and Taiwan, where it continues to promote traditional Chinese martial arts and culture.

Today, Chin Woo is still active and has branches in several countries worldwide, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It continues to promote traditional Chinese martial arts and culture and provides training and instruction in Chinese martial arts. 

I fought full-contact as a heavyweight in the Chin Woo tournament in Dallas, TX, in 2007 and 2009. The medals I received, bearing the likeness of Huo, Yuanjia, remain one of my most prized possessions. Unfortunately, I lost my gold medal from the ’07 tournament, but I still have my silver and bronze from 2009. I am very proud to have participated in the tradition of Chin Woo, and I hope to follow in Master Huo’s footsteps of renewing my nation’s strength and spirit through kung fu!

back to top…

Military Kung Fu Styles

As dynasties rose and fell and military tactics, warfare, and weapons systems evolved throughout China’s history, different kung fu styles came in and out of favor with the military. One such story is that of the famous General Yue Fei and the art of Xingyiquan (also known as Hsinh-I Chuan).

General Yue Fei is credited with the origins of both Xingyiquan & Eagle Claw Kung Fu

Yue Fei was a Chinese general and national hero who lived during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). He is best known for leading the Song army in the wars against the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. He led several successful campaigns against the Jin dynasty. He recaptured much of the territory that had been lost to the Jurchens. However, General Yue was betrayed by the emperor and executed after he was falsely accused of treason.

Legend says that Yue Fei developed Xingyiquan to prepare his troops for battle quickly. The linear empty-hand fighting techniques resemble the movements you would use when standing in formation with a spear or sword and shield combination. Therefore Yue Fei would have only had to teach a single set of movements a foot soldier could use with or without a weapon. Yue Fei is also credited with the creation of Eagle Claw Kung Fu.  

In reality, Xingyiquan likely was developed in the 19th Century. However, the fact remains that as the nature of warfare evolved in ancient China, as men returned home from military service, they continued to practice what they had learned and adapt it to civilian life. 

Therefore, it is probably more honest and fair to say that there are no military “styles” of kung fu per se, but that military training techniques and combat experience influenced the civilian styles of kung fu practiced in the temples and villages and vice versa.

back to top…

Family/Village Kung Fu Styles

screenshot of Jackie Chan's Legend of Drunken Master
Fo Sang fights Wong, Fei hung in the fish market in Legend of Drunken Master

Village styles of Kung Fu refer to the traditional martial arts styles developed and passed down within specific villages or communities in China. Traditionally these styles were only passed down through generations within the community, often only to the oldest son or son-in-law.

Village styles of Kung Fu were developed by people who needed to protect themselves and their communities. “You are your own first responder” is something we strongly believe here at Falling Leaves Kung Fu! In ancient China, people in remote villages couldn’t depend on the government to protect them from bandits who might want to victimize their communities (or, more commonly, to fight rival villagers over natural resources such as river water, land disputes, or just for the best location in the fish market). In dense urban environments, gangs and criminals meant people needed to be prepared to defend themselves.

Some examples of village styles of Kung Fu include:

  • Hung Gar: Developed in the southern Chinese village of Gulao, it is characterized by its solid stances and powerful hand techniques.
  • Lau Gar: Developed in the southern Chinese village of Lau Gar, it is characterized by its fluid and circular movements and emphasis on leg techniques.
Artistic representation of rural Chinese village.

One of the most famous village/family styles is Chen-style Tai Chi (Taijiquan). Chen village has a long martial arts history, and Tai Chi has been passed down through generations. The Chen family has been the source of Tai Chi practitioners for centuries. The village is home to many martial arts schools and training centers.

Chen-style Tai Chi is characterized by its fast, explosive movements and powerful energy. It is often considered the most martial of the Tai Chi styles. It is known for its silk-reeling exercises, jumping and stamping movements, and fighting applications.

I Liq Chuan, the martial art we train here at Falling Leaves Kung Fu, is a family style from the Chin family. The Chins are Hakka people from the Chinese community in Kuala Lumpur people, and I Liq Chuan has its roots in the old Hakka kung fu styles.

The Hakka people are a subgroup of Han Chinese with their own distinct culture, language, and customs that are different from other Han Chinese groups. The name “Hakka” means “guest families.” It is thought to originate from the fact that the Hakka people were historically known as nomads. To protect themselves on their travels, the Hakka developed their own unique styles of kung fu. However, the Hakka also absorbed many other styles and took people into their communities who already had martial arts experience.

back to top…

Summary & Conclusion

As we have seen, the origins of Kung Fu stretch back into antiquity. It encompasses a wide range of styles, each with unique training methods and philosophies. Kung fu is a vital part of Chinese culture. Various factors have influenced it over the centuries, including China’s geography, ethnic tensions, politics, religion, and trade.

Military conflicts during the rise and fall of the many Imperial Dynasties and international commerce along The Silk Road played crucial roles in developing training methods for Kung Fu. In contrast, the Old Master often played pivotal roles in shaping the history of China.

The spirit of Kung Fu lives on today through the generosity, hard work, and sacrifice of the Chinese diaspora, who have spread throughout the world. Kung fu is a living tradition, passed on through touch from teacher to student across generations in back alleys, around kitchen tables, and on rooftops everywhere. 

Like any nation’s story, kung fu is one of blood, sweat, betrayal, and triumph over incredible odds. But Kung Fu is also a story of loyalty, hope, and transcendence over human weakness. It is a gift to the world, a path to cultivate within ourselves the best qualities of being human: moral discipline, wisdom, courage, and a deep appreciation of life and death. It is a story that lives on through each of us who pick up the banner and carry it forward another generation.

Join us and unlock the secrets of the Old Masters!

Read More!

Posted on

Kung Fu Breathing Exercises

I put together a playlist on YouTube of my videos discussing kung fu breathing exercises. Most of these videos are excerpts from our weekly online zoom class. If you find these videos to be interesting or helpful, please consider signing up!

Kung Fu Breathing Techniques

There are as many different breathing exercises for kung fu as there are styles of kung fu (many)!

The Chinese have written records of breathing exercises dating back to at least 300 BCE and possibly much earlier. For example, the Daoist philosopher Zhuang Zi wrote “The men of old breathed clear down to their heels…”

In modern-day, the art of Chinese breathing exercises is called qigong 氣功 (pronounced chi gong). The root word qi 氣 (chi), meaning something like “vital force”, is made up of two characters that mean “steam” or “vapor”, and “rice”. The word qi is a recognition by the ancient Chinese that life is driven by the energy derived from both food and the air we breathe (vapor).

“For breath is life, and if you breathe well you will live long on the earth.”

~Sanskrit Proverb.
Chinese artwork related to kung fu breathing exercises called Neijing Tu
The “Inner Landscapes” from White Cloud Temple in Beijing

Playlist Contents

In Chinese martial arts, when we coordinate breathing exercises with specific movement patterns, we consider these to be neigong or internal exercises. Neigong is more specifically martial arts training; neigong training helps you to develop power, protect yourself from injury, and keep your balance, as opposed to qigong which is mostly for health and meditation.

Neigong will help you to understand how to use your breathing to generate more power and protect your inner organs from injury in a fight. In Chinese martial arts, this is also called “Golden Bell” or “Iron Body” training. If you want to get the very most out of your kung fu training, you can’t neglect training neigong.

In his book “The Zen Way To The Martial Arts” the great Zen master, Taisen Deshimaru, when asked by a student about the most important thing to learn arts, answered by saying “Breathing. What condition are you in below the navel? I don’t mean your genitals! I mean the hara 腹, three fingers beneath the navel (note that in I Liq Chuan we consider it to be two fingers below). The way to develop the power of the hara, to assemble all your energy there, is by right breathing.”

If you’d like more personal instruction or guidance with kung fu breathing exercises, consider signing up for our weekly online class or our group classes if you’re local.

Join us and unlock the secrets of the Old Masters!

Read More!

Posted on

Lingkong Jin In Chinese Martial Arts

partner training during our martial arts classes in Tempe, AZ
Partner training during our martial arts classes in Tempe, AZ ©2018 all rights reserved
I found a very interesting post about lingkong jin on Facebook by a native Chinese speaking friend. Lingkong jin is “empty force” and is thought to be the ability to bounce, or throw an opponent away with no visible external movement, and is one of the “highest” skills achievable through internal martial arts (mostly within the Tai Chi community).

The concept it similar to hua jin (mysterious power) from Xingyiquan, or our own I Liq Chuan concept of “mystery hand”, the point at which your skill becomes so precise that the effect you manage to achieve on your opponent seems “mysterious”.

 Unfortunately, in modern times, there’s been a lot of non-sense that’s been built up around the ideas of what lingkong jin is, mostly being propagated by Westerners. You can find a bunch of ridiculous demos on YouTube of supposed lingkong jin, which are something between circus tricks and brainwashed compliance by the demo dummy.

I found the post so interesting because it tracks with my understanding: it’s about preciseness and the role of the attention and is easily neutralized of the opponent has the attention to keep up.

 —–BEGIN POST—-

I have translated the bit of info about Lingkong Jin that Chen Yanlin got first hand from the early Yang family and published in 1945. FYI — Lingkong Jin / (Going thru) Void Strength Lingkong Jin is boundless and marvelous, almost mysterious, hard to believe if not witnessed with one’s own eyes it is something that actually affects the mind.

 Highly skilled people who issue this ‘Jin’ only need to utter a sound “ha”, for the opponent to immediately lift his feet off the ground and retreat. This is probably due to the fact that the mind of the receiver is attracted [influenced] by the issuer, so the receiver cannot resist.

In this respect, if the receiver has already learned skills (Jin) like sticking, adhering etc he can feel and foresee this ‘Jin’ as soon as the issuer starts “ha”, and by [simply] retreating the issuer will get no results. With regard to this ‘Jin’, practitioners should not explore in depth [waste too much time over it] but simply take it as a game.
 It is said that (Yang) Jianhou and son (Yang Shaohou) could attract [influence] a candle flame within the range of about one foot distance, blocking the flame with one hand then extinguishing it. This is one [another] kind of Lingkong Jin. It is said that this kind of kung fu today has already disappeared.

— Written by Chen Yanlin in 1945 as reported by the Yang family
 淩空勁   淩空勁奧妙無窮,近於神秘,非親眼目睹難以置信,實乃一種精神上的作用。藝高者發此勁時,僅須口中一哈,對方即雙足離地而後退,大概是因爲被發者精神已被發者所吸引,無法抵抗。 對此被發者如果已先知沾、粘等勁,在對方一哈之後,即由感覺而後退,發者也不會産生效果。對於此勁,學習者可不必深求,僅做遊戲看待即可。   相傳建侯、少侯父子,能吸引燭火近尺,一手隔之,火光遂熄,這是淩空勁中的一種。據悉此種功夫今天已經失傳。